Battery knowledge · Units and electrical basics
Degree Celsius and kelvin
Battery temperatures are quoted in degrees Celsius, but rate laws such as Arrhenius need kelvin: add 273.15. Room temperature, 25 °C, is 298 K; the two scales share the same size of degree. [1]
- Unit
- °C, K
Example
Temperature and reaction rate
At 25 °C: 1×. At 35 °C: 1.924×. At 45 °C: 3.554×.
The equation uses kelvin. One activated process is represented, not lifetime.
Explore the graph
Compare an activated process with its rate at 25 °C.
At 25 °C: 1×. At 35 °C: 1.924×. At 45 °C: 3.554×.
k(T)/k(T_ref) = exp[(Eₐ/R)(1/T_ref − 1/T)]
Illustrative model. The equation uses kelvin. One activated process is represented, not lifetime.
Use in Lemonergy
Lemonergy Core equation
Compare reaction rates
Lemonergy Core evaluates this relation.
Equation or tool to use
- arrhenius_factor
Core equation
Inputs & settings
- Temperature (°C)
- Reference temperature (°C)
- Activation energy (J/mol)
This overview identifies the components to use. Follow the example in Lemonergy for their connections and settings.
- Open the lesson and inspect the equation.
- Change one input while holding the others fixed.
Example. At an illustrative 50 kJ/mol activation energy, raising temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C gives a rate factor about 1.92.
Observe. Compare the result with the equation and units.
This factor alone does not predict lifetime or capacity loss.
Open the worked lesson →References & further reading
Technical references
- The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures · 2026
Technical reference · Definitions of SI units and coherent derived units; 2026 revision.