Battery knowledge · Other and emerging chemistries
Calcium-ion battery
A battery shuttling divalent Ca²⁺ ions, attractive because calcium is abundant and its metal sits only about 0.17 V above lithium’s potential while carrying two charges per atom. Practical cells remain elusive: calcium metal passivates in most electrolytes, reversible plating at room temperature was first shown in 2018, and Ca²⁺ moves slowly through host lattices.
- Abbreviation
- Ca-ion
Example
Other and emerging chemistries: an example situation
Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.
Read Calcium-ion battery alongside Intercalation in this context. Lithium inserting into, and leaving, the host structure of an electrode material — between graphite layers, for example — without destroying it.
Use in Lemonergy
Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities
Jang Wook Choi, Doron Aurbach · Nature Reviews Materials · 2016
Topic background · Post-lithium-ion materials and battery concepts, including practical cell-level limitations; historical 2016 perspective.
- DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA
Sandia National Laboratories · 2013
Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.