Purpose and governing balance
These four editable models test equations and event handling with authored synthetic inputs. Their independent references use closed-form thermal balances between events.
For each cell: C·dTi/dt = Pi − H·(Ti − Tambient) + G·(Tj − Ti). The coupling terms have opposite signs in the two cells. Released and ambient energy are integrated separately.
The energy residual is C·Σ(Ti − Ti,initial) + Eambient − ΣErelease,i. The one-cell case omits the coupling term.
Choose a case
- Two cells: passive heat exchange checks conservative exchange with no heat source or ambient loss.
- Single cell: finite heat release checks one 200 W pulse lasting exactly 10 s.
- Two cells: triggered heat propagation checks a neighboring pulse initiated at a sampled threshold.
- Two cells: reduced thermal coupling changes only inter-cell conductance and has no neighboring trigger through 40 s.
Related research and model scope
The thermal-runaway modeling review by Tran and colleagues places these simplified balances in the broader context of heat generation, transport, prediction and detection. Use it to identify the physical mechanisms a real-cell study may require; these four verification cases do not reproduce or validate the experiments discussed in that review.
Events and gates
The trigger depends on the prepared case. These are authored benchmark choices, not measured ignition temperatures or cell datasheet ratings. The linked example pages provide the complete inputs, original model and reference evidence.
| Prepared case | Initial release command | Neighbor condition | Sample interval (s) | Observation end (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive exchange | None; no heat release | None | Not sampled | 100 |
| Finite release | Time seed at 2 s | No second cell | 0.1 | 30 |
| Triggered propagation | Cell 1 time seed at 0 s | Cell 2 temperature strictly greater than 320 K | 0.1 | 40 |
| Reduced coupling | Cell 1 time seed at 0 s | Same 320 K condition; not reached in this observation window | 0.1 | 40 |
In the three heat-release cases, a trigger latches permanently and starts a 200 W pulse. The pulse ends after 100 sample intervals (10 s) and releases 2,000 J. Temperatures and energy remain continuous; latch and heat observations use the new right-hand value at event times.
Fixed absolute gates are 1e−6 K for temperature, 1e−10 W for heat power, 1e−3 J for released energy, ambient energy and residual, and exactly zero error for latch values. The full horizon and every required sample boundary are checked.
What the recorded passes mean
All four native cases passed in the October 1, 2026 report. MATLAB evidence was not supplied. The separate MATLAB script implements these reduced balances and events; it does not execute the vendor Simscape ARC model.
The models omit reaction kinetics, gas, flame, venting, radiation, ejecta, electrochemistry and changing material properties. No trigger during a finite synthetic observation window is not evidence of a safe physical barrier or certification.
This is a historical result tied to its retained inputs, settings, reference version and source fingerprints. The current source tree or Wasm artifact may differ; a new Studio run creates new evidence and does not retroactively update this result.