Battery knowledge · Safety and abuse
UL 94
UL’s flammability standard for plastic parts in devices and appliances. In its vertical test a strip is flamed twice for 10 s; V-0, the strictest vertical class, requires burning to stop within 10 s each time, at most 50 s in total over five strips, and no drips that ignite cotton. Cell holders and module covers commonly specify V-0.
- Also called
- UL 94 V-0, V-0 rating, flame rating
Example
Safety and abuse: an example situation
A low normal-load temperature does not demonstrate thermal-runaway containment.
Read UL 94 alongside Enclosure in this context. The sealed case that carries the modules, protects them in a crash, keeps water out to an IP67 rating or better and vents gas in a thermal event. In many cars it is a structural part of the body.
Use in Lemonergy
Connect mechanisms with appropriate test evidence.
This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.
References & further reading
Further reading on this topic
These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.
- Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review
Xuning Feng et al. · Energy Storage Materials · 2018
Topic background · Electrical, mechanical and thermal abuse; thermal-runaway mechanisms and propagation.