Lockstep core

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Separate quantities from encoding and transport.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

Diagnostic coverage

The fraction of a component’s failure rate that a safety mechanism detects or controls. ISO 26262 treats coverage from about 60% as low, from 90% as medium and from 99% as high; comparing two independent measurements of the same cell voltage typically earns high coverage, while a simple plausibility check earns much less.

Functional safety

The discipline, standardised for vehicles in ISO 26262, of making sure electronic failures do not cause harm. Battery functions such as overvoltage protection are classified by risk into ASIL levels A to D, which set how redundant and verified their hardware and software must be.

Hardware safety metrics

The ISO 26262 numbers showing that random hardware failures are under control. The single-point and latent fault metrics are the shares of failures that safety mechanisms cover — at least 99% and 90% for ASIL D — and PMHF is the residual rate of violating a safety goal, below 10⁻⁸ per hour (10 FIT) for ASIL D.

Microcontroller

The processor that runs BMS firmware: state estimation, protection, balancing decisions and communication. Automotive BMS controllers use safety microcontrollers with lockstep cores and hardware self-tests so they can meet ASIL C or D.

Redundant BMS architecture

A BMS design that duplicates safety-critical functions so no single failure can hide a hazard: an independent second voltage monitor beside the main measurement chip, two current sensors of different principle, a watchdog or second processor, and two separate paths to open the contactors. It is how BMS hardware reaches ASIL C or D.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. 3rd generation of the CAN data link layer

   CAN in Automation, CAN Newsletter · 2020

   Topic background · Classical CAN, CAN FD and CAN XL data-link concepts; publication describes the 2020 state.

2. Getting Started with the BQ76925

   Texas Instruments · 2019

   Topic background · A concrete BMS analog front-end example: cell voltage, current, temperature measurement and MCU integration.