Ion

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Connect reaction sites and transport paths.

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Electrolyte

The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.

Ionic path

The route lithium ions take: out of one electrode’s particles, through the electrolyte in its pores, across the separator and into the particles of the other electrode. The electrons and ions arrive together, so the slower of the two paths limits the cell.

Migration

Movement of ions driven by an electric field rather than a concentration difference. In the electrolyte both migration and diffusion carry lithium; the transference number says how much of the current the lithium ions carry by migration.

Transference number

The fraction of the ionic current carried by the lithium ion rather than by the anion, about 0.3–0.4 in liquid electrolytes. A low value lets concentration gradients build up under load; single-ion solid electrolytes have a value near 1.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing

   IUPAC · 2011

   Topic background · Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.