IEC 62477-1

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DC/DC converter

The power electronics that step the high-voltage pack down to 12 V or 48 V for the auxiliary systems, replacing the alternator of a combustion car. Boost converters also appear between an 800 V pack and a 400 V charger.

Insulation resistance

The resistance between the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle chassis, which must stay above about 100 Ω per volt of pack voltage so a person touching the chassis is safe. An insulation monitoring device measures it continuously.

Inverter

The power electronics that turn the battery’s DC into AC for a motor or the grid, and back again for charging. In stationary storage it is called the power conversion system and its rating in kW or MW sets the system’s power independently of the battery’s energy.

Stationary storage

Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.

UL 1741

The North American safety standard for inverters, converters, charge controllers and interconnection equipment used with distributed energy resources such as solar and battery storage. Its Supplement SB certifies grid-support functions, such as ride-through and voltage and frequency response, against the tests of IEEE 1547.1-2020, taking over from the earlier Supplement SA.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. IEC 62619:2022 — Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications

   International Electrotechnical Commission · 2022

   Topic background · Industrial and stationary lithium-battery safety scope; excludes road vehicles where their dedicated standard applies.

2. Energy Storage System Testing and Certification

   UL Solutions

   Topic background · System safety scope of UL 9540 and relationships to battery and power-conversion standards.