Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

Related concepts from the knowledge graph. Connections show context, not cause and effect. Hover or focus a linked term for its definition.

48 V system

A vehicle electrical architecture at 48 V, used for mild hybrids and heavy accessories. It stays below the 60 V threshold at which high-voltage safety rules begin, so it needs no orange cables or interlocks.

Cycle life

The number of full charge–discharge cycles a cell completes before its capacity falls to a stated fraction, usually 80 %, of its initial value under defined conditions. LFP cells reach several thousand cycles; high-energy NMC fewer.

Electric vehicle

A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.

Nickel–metal hydride battery

A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.

Specific power

Deliverable power per unit mass, in watts per kilogram; power density is the same per litre. A cell is designed for energy or for power, rarely both: thin electrodes give power, thick ones give energy.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA

   Sandia National Laboratories · 2013

   Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.