Current-collector corrosion

Example

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Learn it in Lesson 4 · Battery aging →

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Aluminium foil

The positive current collector, typically 10–15 µm thick. A thin passive film keeps it stable at the high potential of the positive electrode, where copper would corrode.

Copper dissolution

Oxidation of the copper current collector when a cell is over-discharged and the negative electrode’s potential rises too high. Dissolved copper redeposits on recharge as metallic filaments that can short the separator, which is why over-discharged cells are not simply recharged.

Impedance rise

An increase in a cell’s internal resistance as it ages. It costs voltage under load and therefore power, even while the stored charge is still there.

Over-discharge

Discharging below the lower cutoff voltage. Near 1.5 V the copper current collector begins to dissolve, and on the next charge it can redeposit as metal that shorts the cell, so a deeply discharged cell should not simply be recharged.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Lithium ion battery degradation: what you need to know

   Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 2021

   Topic background · Degradation mechanisms, modes, operational effects and their interactions.