Consumer electronics

Example

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Connected concepts

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Fuel gauge

The single chip in a phone, laptop or power tool that does the BMS’s state-estimation job for one or a few cells: coulomb counting corrected by an OCV model, with impedance tracking in better parts. It reports remaining capacity over SMBus or I²C.

IEC 62133

The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.

LCO

The original lithium-ion positive material, LiCoO₂, still used in phones and laptops for its high volumetric energy density. Cobalt cost and limited thermal stability keep it out of vehicles.

Pouch cell

A cell sealed in a flexible bag of aluminium laminated with plastic, holding stacked electrode sheets in larger cells or a flattened wound roll in many small ones. It is light and easy to cool, but needs outside support and can visibly swell if gas forms inside.

SMBus

The two-wire bus, derived from I²C, over which a laptop or tool battery reports its charge, health and limits to the host and charger. The Smart Battery Data specification defines the register set, so any compliant charger can read it.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA

   Sandia National Laboratories · 2013

   Topic background · Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.