Cell canning

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Can

The rigid metal case of a cylindrical or prismatic cell, usually nickel-plated steel or aluminium. It holds the stack under pressure, contains the electrolyte and, in a cylindrical cell, doubles as the negative terminal.

Cell assembly

The second phase of cell production: building the electrode–separator stack by winding or stacking, welding the tabs, inserting it into the case and filling the electrolyte. Most of it happens in the dry room.

Cylindrical cell

A cell made by winding the electrodes into a jelly roll and sealing it in a round metal can. Sizes are named by their dimensions: a 21700 cell is 21 mm across and 70 mm long.

Electrolyte filling

Injecting a measured volume of electrolyte into the sealed-but-for-one-opening cell, usually under vacuum followed by pressure so the liquid is pulled into the pores. The cell then rests for wetting before formation.

Laser welding

Joining metal with a focused laser beam, used to seal cans, attach caps and connect busbars to cell terminals. It is fast and precise but sensitive to gaps and reflectivity, so copper joints need special wavelengths or beam shaping.

Resistance welding

Joining metals by clamping them between electrodes and passing a short, high current pulse, so contact resistance melts a small nugget. It joins the negative tab to the can base inside cylindrical cells and nickel strips to cell terminals in tool and e-bike packs; for copper and aluminium busbars laser welding has largely taken over, as they conduct too well to heat.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

   Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang · iScience · 2021

   Topic background · Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.