BMS architecture

Example

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Use in Lemonergy

Make series/parallel architecture explicit.

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Battery management system

The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.

Battery management unit

The master controller of a battery management system: it collects cell voltages and temperatures from the monitoring boards, runs the state estimation and protection logic, drives the contactors and talks to the vehicle. In some architectures the same name is used for a per-module slave, so a datasheet’s block diagram is the safe reference.

Cell supervision circuit

The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.

Redundant BMS architecture

A BMS design that duplicates safety-critical functions so no single failure can hide a hazard: an independent second voltage monitor beside the main measurement chip, two current sensors of different principle, a watchdog or second processor, and two separate paths to open the contactors. It is how BMS hardware reaches ASIL C or D.

String

A chain of cells or modules connected in series to reach the system voltage, the basic electrical unit of a large battery. In stationary storage each rack is usually one string of about 1000–1500 V with its own contactors and BMS, and many strings are paralleled on a common DC bus.

Wireless BMS

A pack architecture in which each cell supervision circuit talks to the controller by radio instead of a wiring harness, saving cable, connectors and assembly time. It needs its own redundancy and security design to reach the same safety level.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs: Part 2. Modeling and identification

   Gregory L. Plett · Journal of Power Sources · 2004

   Topic background · Battery charge balance, open-circuit voltage, ohmic loss, polarization dynamics and model identification; parameters require cell-specific data.

2. Getting Started with the BQ76925

   Texas Instruments · 2019

   Topic background · A concrete BMS analog front-end example: cell voltage, current, temperature measurement and MCU integration.