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Lemonergy · Studio block

CC-CV current controller

PI voltage regulation with an external current envelope and anti-windup.

Implementation ID
battery-cccv-controller
Reviewed
2026-10-27

Behavior

Uses a PI voltage loop and an external current magnitude envelope to request charge current. Conditional integration limits windup while the request is saturated. Charging is negative in the discharge-positive current convention; disabling resets control memory.

Interface

CC-CV current controller interfaceInputs or arguments on the left, observed outputs on the right. Conserving terminals appear below the component. The tables give units and behavior.CC-CV current controllerStudio blockvoltagelimitenablerequestmode
Original Lemonergy interface view. Lines identify ports; they are not a completed simulation circuit.
Ports and observed outputs
NameDirectionUnitMeaning
voltageinputVHighest cell voltage; scalar.
limitinputACharge-current magnitude limit; scalar.
enableinputtrue / falseEnable; scalar.
requestoutputASigned current request (charge negative); scalar.
modeoutput1Mode (0 disabled, 1 CC, 2 CV); scalar.

Parameters

Defaults are initial model values. Select values for your own model and operating conditions.

Configuration fields
ParameterUnitDefaultMeaning and limits
Sample interval (s)
sampleTimeS		s0.1Positive sample interval. Initialization has zero elapsed time; subsequent accepted samples update memory.
Voltage target (V)
targetV		V4Voltage target (V). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.
Proportional gain (A/V)
kp		A/V10Proportional gain (A/V). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.
Integral gain (A/(V·s))
ki		A/(V·s)0Integral gain (A/(V·s)). This is an editable model input; the default belongs to the synthetic worked example.

Equations and rules

  • error = targetV - highestCellVoltage
  • request = -clamp(kp * error + integral, 0, currentLimit)

Worked example

CC-CV current controller worked example

Use the defaults below with Highest cell voltage = 3.9 V, Charge-current magnitude limit = 2 A, Enable = 1 true / false. At 0 s, Signed current request (charge negative) is -1 A. Additional checks are listed below.

Open Studio example after release →
Numerical checks for the bundled synthetic example
OutputTime (s)Expected valueUnitAbsolute tolerance
Signed current request (charge negative)
request		0-1A1e-08

Explore the recorded outputs

CC-CV current controller recorded example

CC-CV current controller / Signed current request (charge negative)
CC-CV current controller / Signed current request (charge negative) against timeRecorded synthetic simulation values. Time in seconds; output in A.-1.50-1.250.25-10.5-0.750.75-0.51ATime (s)
CC-CV current controller / Signed current request (charge negative): -1 A at 0 s

11 actual recorded samples. Lines are visual guides between samples. Synthetic example, not measured cell data.

Download the recorded samples (JSON) · Open this Studio example after release

Use in a workflow

CC-CV current controller worked example

PI voltage regulation with an external current envelope and anti-windup.

  1. CC-CV current controller: Uses a PI voltage loop and an external current magnitude envelope to request charge current. Conditional integration limits windup while the request is saturated. Charging is negative in the discharge-positive current convention; disabling resets control memory.
    • Use the parameter values in the block reference.
    • Implementation tested locally; public release pending.
Open Studio example after release

Connected concepts

Limits and interpretation

  • This block generates a current request. The plant, actuator limits and loop stability must be modeled separately.
  • The example verifies numerical behavior for synthetic parameters. Cell characterization and validation for an intended use are separate tasks.

Scientific and mathematical references

These sources explain the scientific and mathematical background. The behavior, interface and limits above define the Lemonergy implementation; a citation does not imply every model option in the source is implemented.

  1. Feedback Systems: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, second edition

    Karl J. Åström, Richard M. Murray · Princeton University Press; author-maintained FBSwiki · 2021

    Technical reference · State-space modeling, feedback and PID control. These mathematical foundations do not establish a particular software implementation.

  2. Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review

    Anna Tomaszewska et al. · eTransportation · 2019

    Technical reference · CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.

Implementation sources

This reference follows the public interface and locally verified numerical checks for an upcoming release.

Contract: Lemonergy Studio public contract · Verification record: verification-2026-10-27

  • docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json

This implementation and its workflow uses (JSON) · Knowledge graph (JSON-LD)