Tab

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Current collector

The thin metal foil that carries electrons between an electrode and the external circuit — usually copper on the negative side and aluminium on the positive side.

Tab welding

Joining the bundle of foil tabs to the terminal tab, usually by ultrasonic welding, which bonds thin foils without melting them; laser welding is used for can-to-cap and busbar joints. A weak weld raises resistance and can fail in service.

Tabless design

A cylindrical-cell construction in which the whole uncoated edge of each foil is folded and welded to the end cap instead of one or two narrow tabs. The current path shortens from metres to millimetres, cutting resistance and heating in large-format cells.

Terminal

The external conductor through which current enters and leaves the cell: the can and cap of a cylindrical cell, two posts on a prismatic cell, or the sealed foil tabs of a pouch cell.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. DOE Explains… Batteries

   U.S. Department of Energy

   Topic background · Introductory account of electrodes, electrolyte and conversion between chemical and electrical energy.

2. Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

   Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang · iScience · 2021

   Topic background · Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.