Particle filter

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Distinguish internal states from noisy measurement estimates.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

Connected concepts

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Equivalent circuit model

A cell model built from a voltage source for OCV, a series resistor and one or more RC pairs for the slower dynamics. Its few parameters are fitted from pulse tests, and it is what most battery management systems run in real time.

Kalman filter

A recursive estimator that blends a model prediction with noisy measurements according to how much each is trusted. In a BMS an extended Kalman filter combines coulomb counting with a voltage model to track SOC and sometimes resistance.

Remaining useful life

A prediction of how many cycles, or how much time, a battery has left before reaching end of life. It is estimated from the trend of state of health, and is uncertain near a knee point where fade accelerates.

State observer

An algorithm that reconstructs internal states such as SOC by running a model alongside the cell and correcting it with the measured voltage error. A Luenberger observer uses a fixed gain, a sliding-mode observer a switching term robust to model error, an H-infinity filter bounds the worst-case error, and an adaptive observer also updates the model parameters.

State of charge

How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.

References & further reading

Further reading on this topic

These sources provide broader context; they are not presented as citations for every statement in this entry.

1. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs: Part 3. State and parameter estimation

   Gregory L. Plett · Journal of Power Sources · 2004

   Topic background · Model-based battery state-of-charge and parameter estimation with extended Kalman filtering, including uncertainty and model dependence.

2. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs: Part 2. Modeling and identification

   Gregory L. Plett · Journal of Power Sources · 2004

   Topic background · Battery charge balance, open-circuit voltage, ohmic loss, polarization dynamics and model identification; parameters require cell-specific data.