Crush test

Example

Use in Lemonergy

Connect mechanisms with appropriate test evidence.

This is a reference concept. No executable Lemonergy block has been verified for this term.

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Abuse testing

Deliberately driving cells and packs beyond their limits — overcharge, crush, nail penetration, external short, heating, drop — to see how they fail. Standards define each test and rank the outcome on a hazard scale from no effect to explosion.

Internal short circuit

An unintended electronic path between the electrodes inside a cell — through a metal particle, a burr, a damaged separator or lithium deposits. It discharges the cell internally and turns its energy into local heat.

Nail penetration test

Driving a steel nail through a charged cell to create a sudden internal short circuit. It is easy to run and widely cited, but its severity depends on nail size, speed and depth, and it is a poor stand-in for the small latent shorts that cause field failures.

Vehicle crash test

Crashing a complete vehicle into a barrier, or striking it with a moving one, then checking that the battery stays in place, spills no electrolyte into the cabin and leaves no electric-shock hazard — voltage below 60 V DC or isolation intact. UN R94 and R95 and the US FMVSS 305 set these post-crash requirements.

References & further reading

Technical references

1. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

   Xuning Feng et al. · Energy Storage Materials · 2018

   Technical reference · Electrical, mechanical and thermal abuse; thermal-runaway mechanisms and propagation.