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Lemonergy · Studio block

Finite-gain operational amplifier

High impedance inputs, finite open-loop gain and hard output voltage rails; ideal output drive, no slew or supply-current model

Implementation ID
operational-amplifier
Reviewed
2026-10-27

Behavior

Conserving component solved simultaneously with the connected network. High impedance inputs, finite open-loop gain and hard output voltage rails; ideal output drive, no slew or supply-current model

Interface

Finite-gain operational amplifier interfaceInputs or arguments on the left, observed outputs on the right. Conserving terminals appear below the component. The tables give units and behavior.Finite-gain operational amplifierStudio blockcurrentvoltagebranchCurrentpncpcn
Original Lemonergy interface view. Lines identify ports; they are not a completed simulation circuit.
Ports and observed outputs
NameDirectionUnitMeaning
pterminalV; Aelectrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch.
nterminalV; Aelectrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch.
cpterminalV; Aelectrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch.
cnterminalV; Aelectrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch.
currentoutputARecorded current measurement from the conserving simulation.
voltageoutputVRecorded voltage measurement from the conserving simulation.
branchCurrentoutputARecorded branchCurrent measurement from the conserving simulation.

Parameters

Defaults are initial model values. Select values for your own model and operating conditions.

Configuration fields
ParameterUnitDefaultMeaning and limits
Gain
gain		V/V100000Multiplier from the sensed input to the declared output quantity.
Minimum 1; Maximum 1000000000000
Lower output rail
minimumOutputV		V-15Smallest permitted output voltage of the amplifier abstraction.
Minimum -1000000; Maximum 1000000
Upper output rail
maximumOutputV		V15Largest permitted output voltage of the amplifier abstraction.
Minimum -1000000; Maximum 1000000

Equations and rules

  • Vout = clip(gain × (Vcp − Vcn), lower rail, upper rail)
  • Icp = Icn = 0

Worked example

Finite-gain operational amplifier worked example

Editable first-party network. supply: voltageV=1; load: resistanceOhm=4. Checks below were verified in the native execution engine.

Open Studio example after release →
Numerical checks for the bundled synthetic example
OutputTime (s)Expected valueUnitAbsolute tolerance
current
target/current		1-0.2499975A2.4999750002499973e-07
voltage
target/voltage		10.99999V9.99990000099999e-07
branchCurrent
target/branchCurrent		1-0.2499975A2.4999750002499973e-07

Use in a workflow

Finite-gain operational amplifier worked example

High impedance inputs, finite open-loop gain and hard output voltage rails; ideal output drive, no slew or supply-current model

  1. Finite-gain operational amplifier: Conserving component solved simultaneously with the connected network. High impedance inputs, finite open-loop gain and hard output voltage rails; ideal output drive, no slew or supply-current model
    • Use the block reference for settings and connections.
    • Implementation tested locally; public release pending.
Open Studio example after release

Connected concepts

Limits and interpretation

  • High impedance inputs, finite open-loop gain and hard output voltage rails; ideal output drive, no slew or supply-current model
  • Demonstration parameters are not calibrated hardware data. Singular or incompatible ideal constraints and unsupported state ranges stop the run.

Scientific and mathematical references

These sources explain the scientific and mathematical background. The behavior, interface and limits above define the Lemonergy implementation; a citation does not imply every model option in the source is implemented.

  1. Lecture 19: The Operational Amplifier Abstraction

    MIT OpenCourseWare, Anant Agarwal

    Technical reference · Underlying physical law or reduced-model basis; Lemonergy implementation choices and limits are documented separately.

Implementation sources

This reference follows the public interface and locally verified numerical checks for an upcoming release.

Contract: Lemonergy Studio public contract · Verification record: verification-2026-10-27

  • docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json

This implementation and its workflow uses (JSON) · Knowledge graph (JSON-LD)