Open battery ageing data · XJTU 2024
XJTU battery ageing data: 55 Lishen 18650 cells, cycle by cycle
The XJTU battery degradation dataset (Wang et al., Nature Communications 2024) cycled 55 Lishen 18650 NMC523 cells of 2.0 Ah to the end of their life under six test programmes: constant-current cycling at different charge rates, random-walk loads and a simulated satellite duty. Lemonergy computed one row of values per charge-discharge cycle from the published files. They are listed below, drawn as capacity fade, and downloadable as a CSV or an Excel workbook.
- Cells
- 55 Lishen 18650 cells
- Chemistry
- NMC523 (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2)
- Nominal capacity
- 2 Ah, 3.6 V
- Cycles
- 27,642, one row each
- Test programmes
- 6
- Published by
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Files retrieved
- 2026-10-29
Download every cycle (CSV)Chart and Excel downloadManifest: files, hashes, unitsOriginal dataset
Capacity fade, cycle by cycle
Discharge capacity per cycle, one coloured line per cell, one discharge rate per line. Point at a chart to read the values; download them as Excel.
The chart needs JavaScript; every cell’s values are in the table below and in the CSV.
Point at or touch a chart to read every cell’s value at that cycle. Drag across it with a mouse to zoom in. Select a cell in the legend to hide or show it.
| Cell | Cycles run | Points drawn | First (Ah) | Last (Ah) | Last / first |
|---|
Every cell
First and last discharge capacity of the cycles the chart draws, for all 55 cells. Every cycle of every cell, with all its values, is in the CSV.
| Programme | Cell | Cycles run | Points drawn | First (Ah) | Last (Ah) | Last / first |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-1 | 390 | 389 | 1.864 | 1.593 | 85.5 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-2 | 407 | 406 | 1.862 | 1.598 | 85.9 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-3 | 393 | 392 | 1.862 | 1.581 | 84.9 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-4 | 396 | 395 | 1.859 | 1.602 | 86.2 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-5 | 403 | 402 | 1.902 | 1.598 | 84.0 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-6 | 408 | 407 | 1.906 | 1.598 | 83.8 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-7 | 402 | 401 | 1.938 | 1.597 | 82.4 % |
| Batch-1 | 2C_battery-8 | 420 | 419 | 1.894 | 1.599 | 84.4 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-1 | 299 | 298 | 1.866 | 1.600 | 85.7 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-2 | 292 | 291 | 1.884 | 1.595 | 84.7 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-3 | 286 | 285 | 1.878 | 1.598 | 85.1 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-4 | 322 | 321 | 1.866 | 1.600 | 85.7 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-5 | 297 | 296 | 1.871 | 1.598 | 85.4 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-6 | 322 | 321 | 1.862 | 1.594 | 85.6 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-7 | 319 | 318 | 1.878 | 1.598 | 85.1 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-8 | 270 | 269 | 1.864 | 1.597 | 85.7 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-9 | 287 | 286 | 1.803 | 1.598 | 88.6 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-10 | 164 | 163 | 1.810 | 1.599 | 88.3 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-11 | 131 | 130 | 1.801 | 1.596 | 88.7 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-12 | 212 | 211 | 1.794 | 1.598 | 89.1 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-13 | 226 | 225 | 1.802 | 1.600 | 88.8 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-14 | 147 | 146 | 1.795 | 1.595 | 88.9 % |
| Batch-2 | 3C_battery-15 | 168 | 167 | 1.788 | 1.598 | 89.4 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-1 | 592 | 118 | 1.872 | 1.581 | 84.5 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-2 | 552 | 110 | 1.872 | 1.578 | 84.3 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-3 | 667 | 133 | 1.874 | 1.581 | 84.4 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-4 | 557 | 111 | 1.883 | 1.587 | 84.3 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-5 | 562 | 112 | 1.870 | 1.574 | 84.2 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-6 | 542 | 108 | 1.868 | 1.574 | 84.2 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-7 | 527 | 105 | 1.866 | 1.583 | 84.9 % |
| Batch-3 | R2.5_battery-8 | 617 | 123 | 1.873 | 1.590 | 84.9 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-1 | 799 | 133 | 1.892 | 1.598 | 84.5 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-2 | 673 | 112 | 1.898 | 1.600 | 84.3 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-3 | 673 | 112 | 1.909 | 1.593 | 83.5 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-4 | 727 | 121 | 1.910 | 1.595 | 83.5 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-5 | 739 | 123 | 1.895 | 1.597 | 84.3 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-6 | 715 | 119 | 1.892 | 1.589 | 84.0 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-7 | 601 | 100 | 1.892 | 1.579 | 83.5 % |
| Batch-4 | R3_battery-8 | 751 | 125 | 1.895 | 1.589 | 83.9 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-1 | 197 | 17 | 1.865 | 1.599 | 85.7 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-2 | 307 | 27 | 1.881 | 1.579 | 83.9 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-3 | 340 | 30 | 1.879 | 1.560 | 83.0 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-4 | 252 | 22 | 1.869 | 1.520 | 81.3 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-5 | 274 | 24 | 1.879 | 1.523 | 81.1 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-6 | 219 | 19 | 1.866 | 1.546 | 82.8 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-7 | 186 | 16 | 1.870 | 1.574 | 84.2 % |
| Batch-5 | RW_battery-8 | 208 | 18 | 1.884 | 1.484 | 78.8 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-1 | 949 | 164 | 1.923 | 1.584 | 82.4 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-2 | 1,226 | 212 | 1.923 | 1.596 | 83.0 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-3 | 908 | 157 | 1.923 | 1.597 | 83.0 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-4 | 943 | 163 | 1.920 | 1.594 | 83.0 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-5 | 1,301 | 225 | 1.917 | 1.603 | 83.6 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-6 | 1,075 | 186 | 1.942 | 1.596 | 82.2 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-7 | 949 | 164 | 1.918 | 1.597 | 83.3 % |
| Batch-6 | Sim_satellite_battery-8 | 1,053 | 182 | 1.920 | 1.593 | 83.0 % |
Test programmes
- Batch-1. 8 cells, 2C charge / 1C discharge. Drawn: 1C discharge, every cycle.
- Batch-2. 15 cells, 3C charge / 1C discharge. Drawn: 1C discharge, every cycle.
- Batch-3. 8 cells, 2C charge, discharge rate cycled 0.5-1-2-3-5C to 2.5 V. Drawn: 1C discharge cycles (the batch cycles through 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5C).
- Batch-4. 8 cells, as Batch-3 but to 3.0 V, capacity checked every cycle. Drawn: 1C capacity checks.
- Batch-5. 8 cells, random 2-8 A discharge pulses of 2-6 min to 3.0 V, capacity checked periodically from cycle 21. Drawn: 1C capacity checks.
- Batch-6. 8 cells, simulated GEO satellite: 2C charge, 0.667C discharge, capacity checked about every 5 cycles. Drawn: 0.5C capacity checks.
Columns of the CSV
Each .mat file converted with battery-data tools/convert_xjtu_mat.py and its cycles computed with tools/cyclers.py (cycle = one charge followed by one discharge; capacity integrated from current) at battery-data 5d881c9, the same values as the cycle_summary rows of the XJTU import. The file's own per-cycle label and reported capacities are carried beside the computed ones. Values are rounded as printed: Ah to 5 decimals, efficiency and volts to 4, seconds to 0.1.
| Column | Unit | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
batch | – | XJTU batch folder |
cell | – | cell file name without .mat |
cycle | – | cycle number, 1-based, counted by battery-data |
label | – | the file's own description of the cycle, verbatim |
charge_ah | Ah | charge capacity integrated from current |
discharge_ah | Ah | discharge capacity integrated from current |
charge_ah_reported | Ah | charge capacity as the file's summary gives it |
discharge_ah_reported | Ah | discharge capacity as the file's summary gives it |
coulombic_efficiency | – | discharge_ah / charge_ah |
v_max | V | highest voltage in the cycle |
v_min | V | lowest voltage in the cycle |
duration_s | s | length of the cycle |
start_test_time_s | s | start of the cycle on the test's time axis |
Before comparing cells
- Batches 4-6 do not discharge fully: only cycles whose label ends in '[test capacity]' measure capacity; every other discharge figure there is a partial one.
- Current sign: charge-positive throughout; recorded as the BDF default because the files carry no capacity column to prove it.
- 10 cells (2C_battery-2, RW_battery-2 to RW_battery-8, Sim_satellite_battery-2 and -6) have one recording gap over an hour with current flowing after it; it is not integrated into capacity.
Licence and how to cite
The values are published under CC BY 4.0, as the source is. Credit it as follows.
Cite: Wang, F., Zhai, Z., Zhao, Z. et al. Physics-informed neural network for lithium-ion battery degradation stable modeling and prognosis. Nature Communications 15, 4332 (2024). doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48779-z
Credit: Data: Wang, F., Zhai, Z., Zhao, Z. et al., Xi'an Jiaotong University, XJTU battery dataset, doi:10.5281/zenodo.10963339, CC BY 4.0. Per-cycle values computed by Lemonergy (battery-data).
Values pinned to battery-data revision 55c1ff5, with every source file named by its SHA-256 in the manifest.