{
  "format": "lemonergy/studio-file@1",
  "graph": {
    "format": "battery-design/equation-graph@1",
    "checksum": "fnv1a32:610bad16",
    "graph": {
      "analysisModules": [],
      "catalogVersion": "2026.09.3",
      "connections": [
        {
          "from": "current",
          "id": "current--charge-rate-0",
          "to": "charge-rate",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "current",
          "id": "current--ohmic-drop-0",
          "to": "ohmic-drop",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "ohmic-heat",
          "id": "ohmic-heat--ohmic-energy-0",
          "to": "ohmic-energy",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "current",
          "id": "current--ohmic-heat-0",
          "to": "ohmic-heat",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "ohmic-drop",
          "id": "ohmic-drop--ohmic-heat-1",
          "to": "ohmic-heat",
          "toPort": 1
        },
        {
          "from": "current",
          "id": "current--rc-target-0",
          "to": "rc-target",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "rc-target",
          "id": "rc-target--rc-voltage-0",
          "to": "rc-voltage",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "charge-rate",
          "id": "charge-rate--soc-0",
          "to": "soc",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "ohmic-drop",
          "id": "ohmic-drop--voltage-loss-0",
          "to": "voltage-loss",
          "toPort": 0
        },
        {
          "from": "rc-voltage",
          "id": "rc-voltage--voltage-loss-1",
          "to": "voltage-loss",
          "toPort": 1
        }
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "cell": "186-828",
        "dataset": "https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1725661",
        "file": "Supplementary material/02_Electrical_characterization/EIS/EIS_fitted_ECM_parameters.txt",
        "limitations": [
          "This is a sourced reference-cell circuit and numerical check, not a new Roadster cell, a measured pulse replay or physical pulse validation.",
          "The source parameters fit impedance data. In particular, the sub-millisecond RC time constant must not be replaced by a guessed slower pulse relaxation.",
          "Initial 50% SOC selects a source test condition; zero RC initial state is a relaxed-circuit initial condition. Neither is an event SOC measurement.",
          "Terminal voltage, total heat, temperature and a vehicle trajectory are not calculated. I²R0 excludes RC dissipation and reversible heat.",
          "The analytical reference checks the equations; it is not a second solver driving the model."
        ],
        "paper": "https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad14d0",
        "scope": "First-generation Model Y cell 186-828. The 22 Ah denominator is the published nominal C-rate basis. R0/R1/C1 remain fixed at the source 50% SOC row while charge accounting evolves. The 10 ms rest is an authored observation window. No OCV or pack topology is supplied.",
        "sha512": "a71126f840e4be39d1829e83f6019e00cb49ac18a2915f846492d07c5bc39c5957af3fda73fdcd4164341b3c078056e8d23f177e1e32b0a6f87e3efe73f9d28f",
        "sourceLicense": "CC BY 4.0"
      },
      "history": [
        {
          "action": "created",
          "actorId": "local-user",
          "actorKind": "human",
          "at": "2026-10-17T07:40:00Z",
          "reason": "Published reference-cell coefficients with explicit operating-point scope."
        }
      ],
      "id": "ank-4680-pulse",
      "market": "road",
      "mode": "manual",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "id": "charge-rate",
          "name": "−I / (3600 × 22 Ah)",
          "outputQuantity": "fraction-per-second",
          "parameters": {
            "gain": -0.000012626262626262626,
            "inputQuantity": "current"
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 310,
            "y": 30
          },
          "type": "gain"
        },
        {
          "id": "current",
          "name": "22 A pulse · 0–10 s",
          "outputQuantity": "current",
          "parameters": {
            "after": 0,
            "atS": 10,
            "before": 22
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 40,
            "y": 230
          },
          "type": "step"
        },
        {
          "id": "ohmic-drop",
          "name": "I × R0 · 2.7888 mΩ",
          "outputQuantity": "voltage",
          "parameters": {
            "gain": 0.0027888,
            "inputQuantity": "current"
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 310,
            "y": 230
          },
          "type": "gain"
        },
        {
          "id": "ohmic-energy",
          "name": "Ohmic energy · initial 0 J",
          "outputQuantity": "energy",
          "parameters": {
            "gain": 1,
            "initial": 0,
            "rateQuantity": "heat"
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 850,
            "y": 230
          },
          "type": "integrator"
        },
        {
          "id": "ohmic-heat",
          "name": "I × ohmic drop",
          "outputQuantity": "heat",
          "parameters": {
            "leftQuantity": "current",
            "rightQuantity": "voltage",
            "scale": 1
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 580,
            "y": 230
          },
          "type": "product"
        },
        {
          "id": "rc-target",
          "name": "I × R1 · 0.63983 mΩ",
          "outputQuantity": "voltage",
          "parameters": {
            "gain": 0.00063983,
            "inputQuantity": "current"
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 310,
            "y": 430
          },
          "type": "gain"
        },
        {
          "id": "rc-voltage",
          "name": "RC · τ = 0.852509492 ms",
          "outputQuantity": "voltage",
          "parameters": {
            "initial": 0,
            "tauS": 0.000852509492
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 580,
            "y": 430
          },
          "type": "first-order"
        },
        {
          "id": "soc",
          "name": "SOC · initial 0.50",
          "outputQuantity": "fraction",
          "parameters": {
            "gain": 1,
            "initial": 0.5,
            "rateQuantity": "fraction-per-second"
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 580,
            "y": 30
          },
          "type": "integrator"
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage-loss",
          "name": "Ohmic + RC voltage loss",
          "outputQuantity": "voltage",
          "parameters": {
            "inputs": 2
          },
          "position": {
            "x": 850,
            "y": 430
          },
          "type": "sum"
        }
      ],
      "probes": [
        {
          "blockId": "current"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "ohmic-drop"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "ohmic-energy"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "ohmic-heat"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "rc-voltage"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "soc"
        },
        {
          "blockId": "voltage-loss"
        }
      ],
      "schema": "battery-design/equation-graph@1",
      "segment": null,
      "settings": {
        "absoluteTolerance": 1e-12,
        "algebraicMaxIterations": 30,
        "algebraicTolerance": 1e-10,
        "endS": 10.01,
        "implicitMaxIterations": 20,
        "implicitTolerance": 1e-10,
        "initialStepS": 0.00001,
        "maxStepS": 0.01,
        "maxSteps": 100000,
        "method": "dormand-prince-45",
        "minStepS": 1e-12,
        "relativeTolerance": 1e-9,
        "startS": 0
      },
      "title": "4680 reference cell: SOC, pulse and losses",
      "validationCase": {
        "id": "ank-4680-pulse",
        "version": 1
      },
      "version": "1.0.0"
    }
  }
}