{
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      "name": "Zero-emission vehicle",
      "abbr": "ZEV",
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "A vehicle with no tailpipe emissions in any mode of operation — in practice battery-electric and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. The category underpins sales mandates, going back to California’s ZEV programme of 1990, that require a growing share of new sales to qualify; plug-in hybrids count only partly, if at all.",
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      "id": "edge:6863",
      "source": "term:zero-emission-vehicle",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
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        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
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        "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.",
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        "definition": "China’s policy category for battery-electric, plug-in hybrid (including range-extended) and fuel-cell vehicles, which receive green licence plates, purchase-tax relief and credits under the dual-credit rules. In the United States the same abbreviation means a neighbourhood electric vehicle, a low-speed car limited to about 25 mph.",
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        "definition": "A hybrid pairs an engine with a small battery, around 1 kWh, that is cycled hard for power rather than energy; a plug-in hybrid adds a 10–25 kWh pack that can be charged from the grid for electric-only driving. Their cells are designed for power and life rather than energy.",
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