{
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    "label": "Working and counter electrode",
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      "definition": "The two current-carrying electrodes of an electrochemical test: the working electrode is the one being studied, and the counter electrode completes the circuit. In a lithium half-cell the lithium counter electrode doubles as the reference; adding a separate reference electrode makes a three-electrode cell that isolates the working electrode.",
      "related": [
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        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
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        "definition": "An electrode of stable, known potential against which another is measured. In lithium-ion work it is a piece of lithium metal, which defines the Li/Li⁺ scale; outside it the standard hydrogen electrode is the primary reference.",
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        "definition": "A test cell with the electrode under study against lithium metal, so the measured potential is that electrode’s alone. It is how a new material’s capacity and voltage are first measured, usually in coin-cell format.",
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        "definition": "An instrument that controls the potential of an electrode against a reference and measures the current, or the reverse as a galvanostat. It is the tool for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-electrode experiments.",
        "related": [
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      "id": "term:electrode",
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        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
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        "mentions": [
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}