{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:wiring-harness",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Wiring harness",
    "properties": {
      "id": "wiring-harness",
      "name": "Wiring harness",
      "aka": [
        "cable harness",
        "HV harness",
        "LV harness"
      ],
      "section": "topic-pack",
      "definition": "The bundle of cables, connectors and fixings that carries power and signals through a pack or vehicle. High-voltage cables outside an enclosure must have an orange covering under UN R100; the low-voltage harness carries cell-sense lines, CAN, HVIL and supply. Chafed wires and fretted connector pins cause many field faults.",
      "related": [
        "voltage-sense",
        "high-voltage-interlock",
        "can-bus",
        "flexible-printed-circuit",
        "wireless-bms",
        "voltage-class"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/wiring-harness/",
      "mentions": [
        "enclosure",
        "un-r100"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4965",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4966",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:voltage-sense",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4967",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:high-voltage-interlock",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4968",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4969",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4970",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:wireless-bms",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4971",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:voltage-class",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/wiring-harness/enclosure",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/wiring-harness/un-r100",
      "source": "term:wiring-harness",
      "target": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Modules, packs and battery management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-pack",
        "name": "Modules, packs and battery management",
        "lede": "From a single cell to a working battery system, and the electronics that keep it safe.",
        "context": "Make series/parallel architecture explicit.",
        "example": "Twelve 3.6 V, 5 Ah cells in 6s2p give 21.6 V, 10 Ah and 216 Wh nominally before other restrictions.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:voltage-sense",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Voltage sensing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "voltage-sense",
        "name": "Voltage sensing",
        "aka": [
          "cell tap",
          "sense line"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "Measuring each series cell group’s voltage through a wire or flexible circuit from its busbar to the monitoring chip. Millivolt accuracy matters because the BMS reads SOC and detects faults from these numbers.",
        "unit": "mV",
        "related": [
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "bms",
          "busbar",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "afe"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/voltage-sense/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:high-voltage-interlock",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "High-voltage interlock loop",
      "properties": {
        "id": "high-voltage-interlock",
        "name": "High-voltage interlock loop",
        "abbr": "HVIL",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A low-voltage signal loop threaded through every high-voltage connector and cover. Opening any of them breaks the loop and the BMS drops the contactors, so a technician cannot reach a live conductor.",
        "related": [
          "contactor",
          "pack-voltage",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "functional-safety"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/high-voltage-interlock/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CAN bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "can-bus",
        "name": "CAN bus",
        "aka": [
          "Controller Area Network",
          "ISO 11898"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The serial network over which a BMS talks to the vehicle or inverter: a two-wire differential bus, defined in ISO 11898, carrying short prioritised messages at up to 1 Mbit/s, or faster with CAN FD. Every node hears every message, and a dominant bit wins arbitration without any collision.",
        "related": [
          "can-high-low",
          "can-fd",
          "termination-resistor",
          "bms",
          "lin-bus",
          "fms-interface"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/can-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "inverter"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:flexible-printed-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flexible printed circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flexible-printed-circuit",
        "name": "Flexible printed circuit",
        "abbr": "FPC",
        "aka": [
          "flex circuit",
          "flexible PCB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "Copper traces laminated between thin polyimide or PET films, replacing the round-wire sense harness in many modules. Joined by nickel tabs to each busbar, it carries cell voltages and thermistor signals to the monitoring chip, often comes pre-assembled with the busbar carrier, and saves weight and wiring errors.",
        "related": [
          "voltage-sense",
          "wiring-harness",
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "temperature-sensor",
          "busbar"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flexible-printed-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:wireless-bms",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Wireless BMS",
      "properties": {
        "id": "wireless-bms",
        "name": "Wireless BMS",
        "abbr": "wBMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A pack architecture in which each cell supervision circuit talks to the controller by radio instead of a wiring harness, saving cable, connectors and assembly time. It needs its own redundancy and security design to reach the same safety level.",
        "related": [
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "bms",
          "isospi"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/wireless-bms/",
        "mentions": [
          "wiring-harness"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:voltage-class",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Voltage class",
      "properties": {
        "id": "voltage-class",
        "name": "Voltage class",
        "aka": [
          "voltage class A",
          "voltage class B",
          "high-voltage threshold",
          "HV",
          "LV"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The line between circuits that need high-voltage protection and those that do not. UN R100 calls a circuit high voltage above 60 V DC or 30 V AC rms, up to 1500 V DC or 1000 V AC; ISO 6469-3 calls the same band voltage class B and anything lower class A. A 48 V system stays below the line.",
        "related": [
          "pack-voltage",
          "48v-system",
          "extra-low-voltage",
          "un-r100",
          "iso-6469",
          "high-voltage-interlock"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/voltage-class/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Enclosure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "enclosure",
        "name": "Enclosure",
        "aka": [
          "battery housing",
          "battery tray"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The sealed case that carries the modules, protects them in a crash, keeps water out to an IP67 rating or better and vents gas in a thermal event. In many cars it is a structural part of the body.",
        "related": [
          "pack",
          "ip-rating",
          "cell-to-chassis",
          "venting",
          "gigacasting",
          "ul-94"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/enclosure/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN Regulation No. 100",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-r100",
        "name": "UN Regulation No. 100",
        "abbr": "R100",
        "aka": [
          "ECE R100",
          "UN ECE R100"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The UNECE type-approval regulation for the electric powertrain of cars, buses and trucks, covering protection against electric shock and, in part II, the rechargeable energy storage system itself. A vehicle sold in the EU and most of the world must carry an R100 approval for its battery.",
        "related": [
          "un-r100-part-2",
          "un-r100-03",
          "gtr-20",
          "rechargeable-energy-storage-system",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "high-voltage-interlock"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-r100/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}