{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:wetting",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Wetting",
    "properties": {
      "id": "wetting",
      "name": "Wetting",
      "aka": [
        "soaking"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The soaking of electrolyte into every pore of the electrodes and separator after filling. It can take hours or more; a pore left dry is electrode area that never works properly.",
      "related": [
        "electrolyte-filling",
        "porosity",
        "formation",
        "electrolyte-dry-out",
        "ultrasonic-cell-testing"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
      "example": {
        "title": "Added volume is not penetration",
        "text": "The intended electrolyte mass can be present before every pore is wetted. Time and pore connectivity affect penetration."
      },
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/wetting/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "separator",
        "electrolyte"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "source": "term:wetting",
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    {
      "id": "edge:2445",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:electrolyte-filling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2447",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:formation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2448",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:electrolyte-dry-out",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2449",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:ultrasonic-cell-testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/wetting/electrode",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
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      "id": "edge:mentions/wetting/separator",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:separator",
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        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/wetting/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
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      "id": "edge:2453",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "explainedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2454",
      "source": "term:wetting",
      "target": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte-filling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte filling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte-filling",
        "name": "Electrolyte filling",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Injecting a measured volume of electrolyte into the sealed-but-for-one-opening cell, usually under vacuum followed by pressure so the liquid is pulled into the pores. The cell then rests for wetting before formation.",
        "related": [
          "wetting",
          "dry-room",
          "electrolyte",
          "cell-assembly"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte-filling/",
        "mentions": [
          "formation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:porosity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Porosity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "porosity",
        "name": "Porosity",
        "abbr": "ε",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fraction of a layer’s volume that is empty space. In a lithium-ion electrode the pores — roughly 20–35 % of the volume after calendering — are filled with electrolyte, which carries ions to the particles.",
        "unit": "—",
        "related": [
          "porous-electrode",
          "tortuosity",
          "calendering",
          "bruggeman-relation"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#porosity",
        "example": {
          "title": "Use the volume basis",
          "text": "Pore volume of 0.3 cm³ within 1 cm³ total electrode volume means 30% porosity. It does not specify connectivity or tortuosity."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/porosity/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:formation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Formation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "formation",
        "name": "Formation",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The first controlled charge and discharge cycles of a newly assembled cell, during which the SEI forms. It is part of cell production, before aging and grading.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "degassing",
          "aging-step",
          "first-cycle-loss",
          "cell-finishing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "example": {
          "title": "Distinguish first finishing cycles",
          "text": "Initial controlled cycles are a cell-finishing operation; their purpose and observations differ from later customer charging."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/formation/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-production"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte-dry-out",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte dry-out",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte-dry-out",
        "name": "Electrolyte dry-out",
        "aka": [
          "electrolyte depletion"
        ],
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Loss of liquid electrolyte to decomposition and film growth until parts of the electrode are no longer wetted. It appears late in life as a sudden rise in resistance, and is one cause of the knee in a capacity curve.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte-decomposition",
          "knee-point",
          "wetting",
          "impedance-rise"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte-dry-out/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ultrasonic-cell-testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ultrasonic cell testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ultrasonic-cell-testing",
        "name": "Ultrasonic cell testing",
        "aka": [
          "acoustic testing",
          "acoustic time-of-flight",
          "ultrasound inspection"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Sending ultrasound pulses through a cell and tracking how their travel time and amplitude change. Electrode stiffness and density shift with lithiation, so the signal follows state of charge, while gas pockets and dry regions block sound — making it a way to map electrolyte wetting after filling and to detect gassing and lithium plating.",
        "related": [
          "wetting",
          "gas-generation",
          "state-of-charge",
          "lithium-plating",
          "end-of-line-testing"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ultrasonic-cell-testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "calcination"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:separator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator",
        "name": "Separator",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ceramic-coated-separator",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "porosity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#separator",
        "example": {
          "title": "Different conduction paths",
          "text": "A separator prevents direct electronic contact while permitting ionic transport through its electrolyte-filled structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/separator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}