{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Vehicle crash test",
    "properties": {
      "id": "vehicle-crash-test",
      "name": "Vehicle crash test",
      "aka": [
        "crash test",
        "post-crash safety",
        "FMVSS 305"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "Crashing a complete vehicle into a barrier, or striking it with a moving one, then checking that the battery stays in place, spills no electrolyte into the cabin and leaves no electric-shock hazard — voltage below 60 V DC or isolation intact. UN R94 and R95 and the US FMVSS 305 set these post-crash requirements.",
      "related": [
        "crush-test",
        "un-r100-part-2",
        "enclosure",
        "insulation-resistance",
        "pyrofuse",
        "fmvss-305a"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vehicle-crash-test/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrolyte"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5492",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5493",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:crush-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5494",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:un-r100-part-2",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5495",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5496",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5497",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:pyrofuse",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5498",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:fmvss-305a",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/vehicle-crash-test/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:vehicle-crash-test",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:crush-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Crush test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "crush-test",
        "name": "Crush test",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Deforming a cell or pack between a platen and a round bar or sphere until the voltage drops or a set force is reached, to reproduce a crash. It checks whether the case and separator fail gracefully or cause a short.",
        "related": [
          "abuse-testing",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "nail-penetration",
          "vehicle-crash-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/crush-test/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:un-r100-part-2",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "R100 Part II",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-r100-part-2",
        "name": "R100 Part II",
        "aka": [
          "REESS tests",
          "R100 Annex 8"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The part of UN R100 that tests the battery system as a unit: vibration, thermal shock and cycling, mechanical shock and crash impact, fire resistance, external short circuit, overcharge and over-discharge protection, over-temperature protection and, from the 03 series, thermal propagation. Each test ends with a check that there is no fire, explosion, electrolyte leakage or loss of isolation.",
        "related": [
          "un-r100",
          "un-r100-03",
          "abuse-testing",
          "propagation-test",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-r100-part-2/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "overcharge",
          "over-discharge",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "external-short-circuit",
          "short-circuit"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Enclosure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "enclosure",
        "name": "Enclosure",
        "aka": [
          "battery housing",
          "battery tray"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The sealed case that carries the modules, protects them in a crash, keeps water out to an IP67 rating or better and vents gas in a thermal event. In many cars it is a structural part of the body.",
        "related": [
          "pack",
          "ip-rating",
          "cell-to-chassis",
          "venting",
          "gigacasting",
          "ul-94"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/enclosure/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Insulation resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "insulation-resistance",
        "name": "Insulation resistance",
        "aka": [
          "isolation resistance",
          "IMD"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The resistance between the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle chassis, which must stay above about 100 Ω per volt of pack voltage so a person touching the chassis is safe. An insulation monitoring device measures it continuously.",
        "unit": "Ω/V",
        "related": [
          "pack-voltage",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "functional-safety",
          "insulation-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/insulation-resistance/",
        "mentions": [
          "volt"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pyrofuse",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pyrofuse",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pyrofuse",
        "name": "Pyrofuse",
        "aka": [
          "pyrotechnic disconnect"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A high-voltage disconnect fired by a small pyrotechnic charge on command, typically from the airbag controller in a crash. It cuts the pack from the vehicle in milliseconds, faster and more reliably than a contactor can open under fault current.",
        "related": [
          "fuse",
          "contactor",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "high-voltage-interlock"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pyrofuse/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fmvss-305a",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "FMVSS 305a",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fmvss-305a",
        "name": "FMVSS 305a",
        "aka": [
          "FMVSS No. 305a"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The US vehicle safety standard that replaces FMVSS 305 and largely adopts GTR 20. Besides protection against electric shock and electrolyte spillage, it adds requirements for the traction battery itself — overcharge, short-circuit and over-temperature protection, management of vented gases, water exposure — and extends coverage to heavy vehicles. The December 2024 final rule applies from September 2027 for light vehicles and 2028 for heavy ones.",
        "related": [
          "gtr-20",
          "un-r100",
          "rechargeable-energy-storage-system",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "electric-vehicle"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fmvss-305a/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "overcharge",
          "vehicle-crash-test"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}