{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:vdv-261",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "VDV 261",
    "properties": {
      "id": "vdv-261",
      "name": "VDV 261",
      "aka": [
        "VDV-Schrift 261",
        "e-bus charging"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The VDV recommendation on charging infrastructure for electric buses: depot charging, opportunity charging with pantographs, interfaces and the energy-management interaction with the vehicle. It builds on the OppCharge and SAE J3105 pantograph specifications.",
      "related": [
        "vdv",
        "pantograph-charging",
        "depot-charging",
        "electric-bus",
        "iso-15118"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv-261/",
      "mentions": [
        "opportunity-charging"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3840",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3841",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:vdv",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3842",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:pantograph-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3843",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:depot-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3844",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3845",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:iso-15118",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/vdv-261/opportunity-charging",
      "source": "term:vdv-261",
      "target": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vdv",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "VDV",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vdv",
        "name": "VDV",
        "aka": [
          "Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The German association of public-transport operators, whose published recommendations — the VDV-Schriften — have become de-facto specifications for buses across Europe. Several define how electric buses, their batteries and their charging are specified, tested and operated.",
        "related": [
          "vdv-230",
          "vdv-261",
          "vdv-301",
          "vdv-238",
          "electric-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pantograph-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pantograph charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pantograph-charging",
        "name": "Pantograph charging",
        "aka": [
          "OppCharge",
          "SAE J3105"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Fast charging of a bus through an automatic contact on the roof — raised from the vehicle or lowered from a mast — at the terminus or en route, at 150–600 kW for a few minutes. It allows a smaller battery at the price of high-rate cycling and more infrastructure.",
        "related": [
          "electric-bus",
          "depot-charging",
          "fast-charging",
          "vdv-261",
          "charge-acceptance",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pantograph-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:depot-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Depot charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "depot-charging",
        "name": "Depot charging",
        "aka": [
          "overnight charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging a fleet of buses or trucks at the depot, usually overnight at 50–150 kW per vehicle, which keeps cell stress low and lets an energy-management system sequence the chargers against the site’s grid connection.",
        "related": [
          "electric-bus",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "energy-management-system",
          "vdv-261",
          "fast-charging",
          "smart-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/depot-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iso-15118",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ISO 15118",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iso-15118",
        "name": "ISO 15118",
        "aka": [
          "Plug & Charge",
          "V2G communication"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "The communication standard between an electric vehicle and a charging station: identification, authorisation, charge scheduling and, in the −20 edition, bidirectional power transfer. It is what lets a car authenticate itself and start charging with no card or app.",
        "related": [
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "vehicle-to-grid",
          "iso-17409",
          "can-bus",
          "evcc",
          "din-70121"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-15118/",
        "mentions": [
          "electric-vehicle",
          "evse",
          "vehicle-to-everything"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Opportunity charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "opportunity-charging",
        "name": "Opportunity charging",
        "aka": [
          "en-route charging",
          "terminus charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Topping up a vehicle in short, high-power bursts wherever it stops anyway — a bus at its terminus or at stops, a forklift at breaks — instead of carrying enough energy for the whole day. It allows a smaller, lighter battery, at the price of frequent high-rate cycling and of chargers along the route.",
        "related": [
          "pantograph-charging",
          "depot-charging",
          "fast-charging",
          "electric-bus",
          "charge-acceptance",
          "inductive-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/opportunity-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}