{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:vdv-238",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "VDV 238",
    "properties": {
      "id": "vdv-238",
      "name": "VDV 238",
      "aka": [
        "VDV-Schrift 238",
        "SORT cycles"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The VDV recommendation on measuring the energy consumption of buses, including electric ones, by defined drive cycles. Together with the UITP SORT cycles it is how a tender states and checks the consumption, and therefore the range, of an electric bus.",
      "related": [
        "vdv",
        "sort-cycle",
        "electric-bus",
        "range",
        "load-profile"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv-238/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3847",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3848",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "term:vdv",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3849",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "term:sort-cycle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3850",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3851",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "term:range",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3852",
      "source": "term:vdv-238",
      "target": "term:load-profile",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vdv",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "VDV",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vdv",
        "name": "VDV",
        "aka": [
          "Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The German association of public-transport operators, whose published recommendations — the VDV-Schriften — have become de-facto specifications for buses across Europe. Several define how electric buses, their batteries and their charging are specified, tested and operated.",
        "related": [
          "vdv-230",
          "vdv-261",
          "vdv-301",
          "vdv-238",
          "electric-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sort-cycle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "SORT cycle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sort-cycle",
        "name": "SORT cycle",
        "aka": [
          "UITP SORT",
          "Standardised On-Road Test"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The UITP’s three standardised drive cycles for measuring bus energy consumption: SORT 1 heavy urban, SORT 2 easy mixed, SORT 3 easy suburban. An electric bus’s rated range in a tender is usually quoted per SORT cycle, often with heating or cooling load added as E-SORT.",
        "related": [
          "vdv-238",
          "electric-bus",
          "range",
          "load-profile"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sort-cycle/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:range",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Range",
      "properties": {
        "id": "range",
        "name": "Range",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "How far an electric vehicle travels on a full charge: usable energy divided by consumption per kilometre. Cold weather, speed and heating cut it, and the gap between official and real range is usually consumption, not battery capacity.",
        "unit": "km",
        "related": [
          "usable-capacity",
          "state-of-energy",
          "electric-vehicle",
          "energy-density",
          "energy-consumption-per-distance",
          "road-load-power"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/range/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:load-profile",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Load profile",
      "properties": {
        "id": "load-profile",
        "name": "Load profile",
        "aka": [
          "duty cycle",
          "drive cycle"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The current or power a battery must deliver as a function of time in its application — a drive cycle for a car, a daily charge–discharge pattern for storage. Aging tests built on a realistic profile predict life better than constant-current cycling.",
        "related": [
          "cycle",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "cycle-aging",
          "regenerative-braking",
          "load"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/load-profile/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}