{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:vdv-230",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "VDV 230",
    "properties": {
      "id": "vdv-230",
      "name": "VDV 230",
      "aka": [
        "VDV-Schrift 230"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The VDV framework recommendation for the procurement of city buses: the technical requirements an operator writes into a tender, from dimensions and accessibility to the drivetrain. Its electric-bus parts reference the battery, charging and safety recommendations in the 26x series.",
      "related": [
        "vdv",
        "vdv-261",
        "electric-bus",
        "total-cost-of-ownership"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv-230/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3835",
      "source": "term:vdv-230",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3836",
      "source": "term:vdv-230",
      "target": "term:vdv",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3837",
      "source": "term:vdv-230",
      "target": "term:vdv-261",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3838",
      "source": "term:vdv-230",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3839",
      "source": "term:vdv-230",
      "target": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vdv",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "VDV",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vdv",
        "name": "VDV",
        "aka": [
          "Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The German association of public-transport operators, whose published recommendations — the VDV-Schriften — have become de-facto specifications for buses across Europe. Several define how electric buses, their batteries and their charging are specified, tested and operated.",
        "related": [
          "vdv-230",
          "vdv-261",
          "vdv-301",
          "vdv-238",
          "electric-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vdv-261",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "VDV 261",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vdv-261",
        "name": "VDV 261",
        "aka": [
          "VDV-Schrift 261",
          "e-bus charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The VDV recommendation on charging infrastructure for electric buses: depot charging, opportunity charging with pantographs, interfaces and the energy-management interaction with the vehicle. It builds on the OppCharge and SAE J3105 pantograph specifications.",
        "related": [
          "vdv",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "depot-charging",
          "electric-bus",
          "iso-15118"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vdv-261/",
        "mentions": [
          "opportunity-charging"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Total cost of ownership",
      "properties": {
        "id": "total-cost-of-ownership",
        "name": "Total cost of ownership",
        "abbr": "TCO",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Purchase price plus energy, maintenance and residual value over a vehicle’s or system’s life. For buses and trucks it is the figure that decides the case for batteries, because fuel and maintenance savings repay the higher purchase price.",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage",
          "second-life",
          "electric-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/total-cost-of-ownership/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}