{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "UN numbers for batteries",
    "properties": {
      "id": "un-numbers-batteries",
      "name": "UN numbers for batteries",
      "aka": [
        "UN 3480",
        "UN 3481",
        "UN 3090",
        "UN 3091",
        "UN 3536",
        "UN 3551",
        "proper shipping name"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The four-digit numbers that identify a battery consignment worldwide: UN 3480 for lithium-ion batteries, UN 3481 for lithium-ion packed with or contained in equipment, UN 3090 and 3091 for the same in lithium metal, UN 3551 and 3552 for sodium-ion, and UN 3536 for batteries installed in a cargo transport unit. Since 2025 battery-powered vehicles have UN 3556–3558.",
      "related": [
        "transport-regulations",
        "iata-dgr",
        "class-9-dangerous-goods",
        "dangerous-goods-declaration",
        "sodium-ion",
        "lithium-battery-mark"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-numbers-batteries/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:transport-regulations",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:iata-dgr",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:iata-dgr",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:class-9-dangerous-goods",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:class-9-dangerous-goods",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:dangerous-goods-declaration",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:dangerous-goods-declaration",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:sodium-ion",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:sodium-ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-numbers-batteries/term:lithium-battery-mark",
      "source": "term:un-numbers-batteries",
      "target": "term:lithium-battery-mark",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN 38.3",
      "properties": {
        "id": "transport-regulations",
        "name": "UN 38.3",
        "aka": [
          "UN transport test",
          "lithium battery shipping"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The United Nations test sequence that every lithium cell and battery must pass before it can be shipped: altitude, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short, impact or crush, overcharge and forced discharge. Air shipment of cells also caps state of charge at 30 %.",
        "related": [
          "shipping-soc",
          "abuse-testing",
          "iec-62133",
          "altitude-simulation-test",
          "un-38-3-test-summary",
          "forced-discharge-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transport-regulations/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iata-dgr",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iata-dgr",
        "name": "IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations",
        "abbr": "DGR",
        "aka": [
          "IATA DGR",
          "packing instruction 965"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The airline industry’s manual for shipping dangerous goods by air, built on the ICAO Technical Instructions and reissued every year. Lithium batteries fall under packing instructions 965–967 for lithium-ion — alone, packed with or inside equipment — and 968–970 for lithium metal. Lithium-ion batteries shipped alone must be at no more than 30 % state of charge; from 2026 so must those packed with equipment above 2.7 Wh.",
        "related": [
          "transport-regulations",
          "shipping-soc",
          "imdg-code",
          "adr-rid-adn",
          "cfr-49",
          "iec-62281"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iata-dgr/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "icao-technical-instructions"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:class-9-dangerous-goods",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Class 9 dangerous goods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "class-9-dangerous-goods",
        "name": "Class 9 dangerous goods",
        "aka": [
          "Class 9",
          "miscellaneous dangerous goods",
          "Class 9A label",
          "lithium battery hazard label"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The miscellaneous hazard class of the UN Model Regulations, where lithium and sodium-ion batteries sit; wet lead–acid and nickel batteries with corrosive electrolyte are Class 8 instead. Fully regulated battery consignments carry the Class 9A label — seven vertical stripes above a burning-battery symbol — alongside the separate lithium battery mark where that applies.",
        "related": [
          "un-numbers-batteries",
          "lithium-battery-mark",
          "transport-regulations",
          "un-model-regulations",
          "iata-dgr"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/class-9-dangerous-goods/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dangerous-goods-declaration",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dangerous goods declaration",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dangerous-goods-declaration",
        "name": "Dangerous goods declaration",
        "abbr": "DGD",
        "aka": [
          "Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods",
          "shipping papers",
          "hazmat shipping paper"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The shipper’s signed document listing each dangerous item in a consignment — UN number, proper shipping name such as ‘Lithium ion batteries packed with equipment’, class, packing instruction and quantity — and certifying that it is classified, packed, marked and labelled correctly. Fully regulated battery shipments need one; Section II shipments do not.",
        "related": [
          "un-numbers-batteries",
          "class-9-dangerous-goods",
          "iata-dgr",
          "dangerous-goods-training",
          "cfr-49"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dangerous-goods-declaration/",
        "mentions": [
          "iata-section-ia-ib-ii"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sodium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Sodium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sodium-ion",
        "name": "Sodium-ion battery",
        "abbr": "Na-ion",
        "aka": [
          "SIB",
          "Na-ion battery",
          "sodium-ion cell"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell built like a lithium-ion cell but shuttling sodium ions, usually between a hard-carbon negative and a layered-oxide (NFM), polyanionic (NFPP, NVP) or Prussian-blue positive. It uses no lithium or cobalt and needs no copper foil, so it can be stored at 0 V, at the cost of lower energy density.",
        "related": [
          "hard-carbon",
          "nfpp",
          "lithium-ion",
          "energy-density",
          "stationary-storage",
          "seawater-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sodium-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "copper-foil",
          "nfm",
          "nvp",
          "cobalt",
          "polyanionic-cathode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-battery-mark",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium battery mark",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-battery-mark",
        "name": "Lithium battery mark",
        "aka": [
          "lithium battery handling mark",
          "battery handling label"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The rectangular package mark — a red hatched border, a burning-battery symbol and the UN number — that flags small lithium batteries in a consignment relieved of the full dangerous-goods rules, such as Section II by air; Section IB packages carry it beside the Class 9A label. It is at least 100 × 100 mm, or 100 × 70 mm on small packages.",
        "related": [
          "class-9-dangerous-goods",
          "iata-section-ia-ib-ii",
          "un-numbers-batteries",
          "iata-dgr"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-battery-mark/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}