{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:transport-regulations",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "UN 38.3",
    "properties": {
      "id": "transport-regulations",
      "name": "UN 38.3",
      "aka": [
        "UN transport test",
        "lithium battery shipping"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The United Nations test sequence that every lithium cell and battery must pass before it can be shipped: altitude, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short, impact or crush, overcharge and forced discharge. Air shipment of cells also caps state of charge at 30 %.",
      "related": [
        "shipping-soc",
        "abuse-testing",
        "iec-62133",
        "altitude-simulation-test"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transport-regulations/",
      "mentions": [
        "overcharge",
        "state-of-charge"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:1792",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1793",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:shipping-soc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1794",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1795",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1796",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:altitude-simulation-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/transport-regulations/overcharge",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:overcharge",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/transport-regulations/state-of-charge",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "term:state-of-charge",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1799",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "reference:un-tests",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1800",
      "source": "term:transport-regulations",
      "target": "reference:un-tests-amendment",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:shipping-soc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Shipping state of charge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "shipping-soc",
        "name": "Shipping state of charge",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The state of charge at which cells leave the factory and travel, kept low to reduce both calendar aging and the energy available in an incident. Air-freight rules cap lithium-ion cells shipped alone at 30 %, and plants often target 10–20 %.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "storage-soc",
          "transport-regulations",
          "calendar-aging"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/shipping-soc/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Abuse testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "abuse-testing",
        "name": "Abuse testing",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Deliberately driving cells and packs beyond their limits — overcharge, crush, nail penetration, external short, heating, drop — to see how they fail. Standards define each test and rank the outcome on a hazard scale from no effect to explosion.",
        "related": [
          "nail-penetration",
          "overcharge-test",
          "crush-test",
          "short-circuit-test",
          "hazard-level",
          "oven-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/abuse-testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62133",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62133",
        "name": "IEC 62133",
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "transport-regulations",
          "consumer-electronics",
          "iec-62619"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62133/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:altitude-simulation-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Altitude simulation test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "altitude-simulation-test",
        "name": "Altitude simulation test",
        "aka": [
          "low-pressure test",
          "UN 38.3 T1"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Storing cells or batteries at low air pressure to show they survive unpressurised air freight without leaking, venting or rupturing. UN 38.3 test T1 holds them at 11.6 kPa or less — the pressure at about 15 000 m — for at least six hours at room temperature.",
        "related": [
          "transport-regulations",
          "thermal-shock-test",
          "vibration-test",
          "venting"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/altitude-simulation-test/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:overcharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Overcharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "overcharge",
        "name": "Overcharge",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging past the upper cutoff voltage. The positive electrode over-delithiates and releases oxygen, the electrolyte oxidises and lithium plates on the negative, so an unprotected overcharge can end in thermal runaway.",
        "related": [
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "bms",
          "overcharge-test",
          "electrolyte-decomposition"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/overcharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:state-of-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "State of charge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "state-of-charge",
        "name": "State of charge",
        "abbr": "SOC",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "coulomb-counting",
          "state-of-health",
          "bms"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc",
        "example": {
          "title": "Interpret a charge inventory",
          "text": "If available capacity is 5 Ah and 3 Ah remains by the chosen estimator, SOC is 60%. A different estimate of available capacity changes this percentage, so compare SOC values only with the capacity convention recorded."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "usable-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:un-tests",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8",
      "properties": {
        "title": "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8",
        "publisher": "United Nations Economic Commission for Europe",
        "url": "https://unece.org/info/publications/pub/387256",
        "type": "Regulatory reference",
        "scope": "Dangerous-goods classification tests; subsection 38.3 concerns battery transport testing.",
        "year": 2023,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:un-tests-amendment",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Manual of Tests and Criteria, Revision 8, Amendment 1",
        "publisher": "United Nations Economic Commission for Europe",
        "url": "https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/ST-SG-AC10-11-Rev8-Amend1e.pdf",
        "type": "Regulatory reference",
        "scope": "Amendments to Revision 8, including changes to battery testing in subsection 38.3.",
        "year": 2025,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}