{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:transference-number",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Transference number",
    "properties": {
      "id": "transference-number",
      "name": "Transference number",
      "abbr": "t₊",
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "The fraction of the ionic current carried by the lithium ion rather than by the anion, about 0.3–0.4 in liquid electrolytes. A low value lets concentration gradients build up under load; single-ion solid electrolytes have a value near 1.",
      "unit": "—",
      "related": [
        "ionic-conductivity",
        "concentration-polarization",
        "solid-electrolyte",
        "migration"
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      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transference-number/",
      "mentions": []
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  "edges": [
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      "source": "term:transference-number",
      "target": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "target": "term:migration",
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      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
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        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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      "id": "term:ionic-conductivity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ionic conductivity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ionic-conductivity",
        "name": "Ionic conductivity",
        "abbr": "σ",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "How readily an electrolyte carries ions, in siemens per centimetre. Liquid carbonate electrolytes reach about 10 mS/cm at room temperature; the best sulfide solid electrolytes match that, while polymers fall far short unless heated.",
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      "id": "term:concentration-polarization",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Concentration polarization",
      "properties": {
        "id": "concentration-polarization",
        "name": "Concentration polarization",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Voltage loss that arises when reactant is consumed faster than diffusion can replace it, so the concentration at the surface differs from the bulk. It dominates at high current and low temperature and recovers slowly when current stops.",
        "related": [
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      "id": "term:solid-electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solid electrolyte",
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        "name": "Solid electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A solid ion conductor that replaces the liquid electrolyte in an all-solid-state cell. Oxide, sulfide, halide and polymer families each need a different production route.",
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      "id": "term:migration",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Migration",
      "properties": {
        "id": "migration",
        "name": "Migration",
        "section": "topic-transport",
        "definition": "Movement of ions driven by an electric field rather than a concentration difference. In the electrolyte both migration and diffusion carry lithium; the transference number says how much of the current the lithium ions carry by migration.",
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    },
    {
      "id": "reference:iupac-green",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 2nd printing",
        "publisher": "IUPAC",
        "url": "https://media.iupac.org/publications/books/gbook/IUPAC-GB3-2ndPrinting-Online-22apr2011.pdf",
        "type": "Technical reference",
        "scope": "Physical-chemistry notation, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and transport quantities.",
        "year": 2011,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}