{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Total cost of ownership",
    "properties": {
      "id": "total-cost-of-ownership",
      "name": "Total cost of ownership",
      "abbr": "TCO",
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "Purchase price plus energy, maintenance and residual value over a vehicle’s or system’s life. For buses and trucks it is the figure that decides the case for batteries, because fuel and maintenance savings repay the higher purchase price.",
      "related": [
        "cost-per-kwh",
        "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "second-life",
        "electric-bus"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/total-cost-of-ownership/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3211",
      "source": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3212",
      "source": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "target": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3213",
      "source": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "target": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3214",
      "source": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "target": "term:second-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3215",
      "source": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cost-per-kwh",
        "name": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The headline price of cells or packs per unit of nominal energy. Pack prices fell by about 90 % between 2010 and the mid-2020s to roughly 100 US dollars per kWh, with LFP cells in China well below that.",
        "unit": "$/kWh",
        "related": [
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "yield",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage",
          "lfp"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cost-per-kwh/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-energy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Levelized cost of storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "name": "Levelized cost of storage",
        "abbr": "LCOS",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The total lifetime cost of a storage system divided by the total energy it will discharge, in currency per megawatt-hour. It folds cell price, efficiency, cycle life and degradation into one figure for comparing technologies.",
        "unit": "€/MWh",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "cycle-life",
          "energy-efficiency",
          "stationary-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/levelized-cost-of-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:second-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Second life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "second-life",
        "name": "Second life",
        "aka": [
          "repurposing"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Using vehicle packs that have reached their automotive end of life, with 70–80 % capacity left, in less demanding stationary storage before recycling. Grading the used cells and the liability for them are the practical obstacles.",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "stationary-storage",
          "state-of-health",
          "recycling",
          "battery-passport",
          "battery-triage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/second-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}