{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry",
    "properties": {
      "id": "time-of-flight-sims",
      "name": "Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry",
      "abbr": "ToF-SIMS",
      "aka": [
        "SIMS",
        "secondary ion mass spectrometry"
      ],
      "section": "topic-analysis",
      "definition": "Sputtering the outermost atomic layers of a sample with a pulsed ion beam and weighing the ejected ions by how long they take to reach the detector. It detects every element, lithium and hydrogen included, at parts-per-million levels, and maps SEI fragments across a surface and, with a second sputter beam, in depth.",
      "related": [
        "x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy",
        "sei",
        "post-mortem",
        "transition-metal-dissolution"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/time-of-flight-sims/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5556",
      "source": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
      "target": "topic:topic-analysis",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
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    {
      "id": "edge:5557",
      "source": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
      "target": "term:x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5558",
      "source": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
      "target": "term:sei",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5559",
      "source": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
      "target": "term:post-mortem",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:5560",
      "source": "term:time-of-flight-sims",
      "target": "term:transition-metal-dissolution",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
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  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-analysis",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-analysis",
        "name": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
        "lede": "The laboratory techniques that look inside electrodes, interphases and electrolytes to see what a cell is made of and how it aged.",
        "context": "Connect results with scale and specimen preparation.",
        "example": "Surface and bulk measurements may find different compositions in the same electrode without contradiction.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/labs/battery-materials-lab/",
        "lesson_label": "Open materials lab"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy",
        "name": "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy",
        "abbr": "XPS",
        "aka": [
          "ESCA",
          "photoelectron spectroscopy"
        ],
        "section": "topic-analysis",
        "definition": "Shining X-rays on a surface and measuring the energies of the electrons knocked out, which identify each element and its chemical bonding in the top few nanometres. It is the main tool for SEI and CEI composition — LiF, Li₂CO₃, organic carbonates — and, combined with argon-ion sputtering, for depth profiles.",
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          "sei",
          "cei",
          "time-of-flight-sims",
          "post-mortem",
          "fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy"
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        "mentions": [
          "lithium-carbonate"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sei",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sei",
        "name": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
        "abbr": "SEI",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A film of electrolyte reaction products on the negative-electrode particles — graphite, and also silicon or lithium metal. It protects the electrode from further reaction but grows slowly for the whole life of the cell, consuming cyclable lithium.",
        "related": [
          "passivation",
          "formation",
          "calendar-aging",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "cei"
        ],
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sei/",
        "mentions": [
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    },
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      "id": "term:post-mortem",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Post-mortem analysis",
      "properties": {
        "id": "post-mortem",
        "name": "Post-mortem analysis",
        "aka": [
          "teardown"
        ],
        "section": "topic-analysis",
        "definition": "Opening an aged or failed cell in an inert glovebox and examining its electrodes by microscopy, diffraction and chemical analysis. It confirms which degradation mechanisms actually occurred rather than inferring them from voltage.",
        "related": [
          "aging-mechanism",
          "scanning-electron-microscopy",
          "x-ray-diffraction",
          "differential-voltage-analysis",
          "nuclear-magnetic-resonance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/post-mortem/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:transition-metal-dissolution",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Transition-metal dissolution",
      "properties": {
        "id": "transition-metal-dissolution",
        "name": "Transition-metal dissolution",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Manganese, nickel or cobalt ions leaching from the positive electrode into the electrolyte, especially at high voltage and temperature or when HF is present. They migrate to the negative electrode and poison the SEI there, accelerating lithium loss.",
        "related": [
          "lmo",
          "hydrofluoric-acid",
          "sei",
          "loss-of-active-material",
          "crosstalk"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#crystals",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transition-metal-dissolution/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "cobalt",
          "leaching",
          "manganese"
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      }
    }
  ]
}