{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:thermography",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Thermography",
    "properties": {
      "id": "thermography",
      "name": "Thermography",
      "aka": [
        "infrared thermography",
        "thermal imaging",
        "IR camera"
      ],
      "section": "topic-thermal",
      "definition": "Imaging surface temperature with an infrared camera, which converts the radiation a surface emits into a temperature map. It reveals hot welds, busbar joints and uneven cell heating at a glance, but bare metal reflects more than it emits, so shiny surfaces are usually coated matt black before measuring.",
      "related": [
        "hot-spot",
        "heat-transfer-modes",
        "temperature-sensor",
        "thermal-gradient",
        "laser-welding"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermography/",
      "mentions": [
        "busbar"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4668",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4669",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:hot-spot",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4670",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:heat-transfer-modes",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4671",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4672",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:thermal-gradient",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4673",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/thermography/busbar",
      "source": "term:thermography",
      "target": "term:busbar",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-thermal",
        "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
        "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.",
        "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.",
        "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hot-spot",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hot spot",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hot-spot",
        "name": "Hot spot",
        "aka": [
          "hotspot"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A small region that runs markedly hotter than its surroundings — near a tab, at a high-resistance weld or busbar joint, in the centre of a large cell or around an internal short. Because aging speeds up roughly twofold for every 10 °C, that spot ages fastest, and a temperature sensor a few centimetres away may not see it.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-gradient",
          "joule-heating",
          "temperature-sensor",
          "thermography",
          "arrhenius",
          "thermal-runaway"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hot-spot/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:heat-transfer-modes",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Heat transfer modes",
      "properties": {
        "id": "heat-transfer-modes",
        "name": "Heat transfer modes",
        "aka": [
          "conduction",
          "convection",
          "thermal radiation"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "The three ways heat moves: conduction through solids and still fluids, convection carried by a moving fluid, and radiation emitted as infrared by every warm surface. In a pack, conduction takes heat from the cell into the cooling plate and convection carries it away in the coolant; radiation matters mainly at the high temperatures of thermal runaway.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-conductivity",
          "heat-transfer-coefficient",
          "thermography",
          "cooling-plate",
          "thermal-propagation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/heat-transfer-modes/",
        "mentions": [
          "thermal-runaway"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Temperature sensor",
      "properties": {
        "id": "temperature-sensor",
        "name": "Temperature sensor",
        "abbr": "NTC",
        "aka": [
          "thermistor"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Usually a negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor glued to a busbar or cell surface, with a few per module. Because sensors read the surface, the hottest point inside a cell can run several degrees higher than the BMS sees.",
        "unit": "°C",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "thermal-management",
          "operating-temperature",
          "derating",
          "thermocouples-rtds",
          "virtual-temperature-sensor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/temperature-sensor/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-gradient",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal gradient",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-gradient",
        "name": "Thermal gradient",
        "aka": [
          "temperature gradient",
          "temperature spread",
          "temperature uniformity"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A change of temperature with position — within a cell from core to surface, or across a pack from coolant inlet to outlet. Packs are commonly designed to keep cells within about 5 °C of each other, because warmer cells age faster and, in parallel, carry more current, so a gradient grows into an imbalance.",
        "related": [
          "hot-spot",
          "cell-to-cell-variation",
          "cooling-plate",
          "thermal-management",
          "biot-number"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-gradient/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Laser welding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "laser-welding",
        "name": "Laser welding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Joining metal with a focused laser beam, used to seal cans, attach caps and connect busbars to cell terminals. It is fast and precise but sensitive to gaps and reflectivity, so copper joints need special wavelengths or beam shaping.",
        "related": [
          "ultrasonic-welding",
          "tab-welding",
          "busbar",
          "can"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/laser-welding/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:busbar",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Busbar",
      "properties": {
        "id": "busbar",
        "name": "Busbar",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "terminal",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "wire-bonding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/busbar/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}