{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Thermocouples, RTDs and fibre-optic sensors",
    "properties": {
      "id": "thermocouples-rtds",
      "name": "Thermocouples, RTDs and fibre-optic sensors",
      "aka": [
        "thermocouple",
        "RTD",
        "Pt100",
        "resistance temperature detector",
        "fibre Bragg grating",
        "FBG"
      ],
      "section": "topic-thermal",
      "definition": "Temperature sensors used alongside the NTC thermistors of a BMS. Thermocouples, junctions of two dissimilar wires such as type K or T, are cheap, small and standard in cell testing, good to about ±1–2 °C; platinum RTDs such as the Pt100 reach a few tenths of a degree; fibre-optic sensors ignore electrical noise and can sit inside a cell.",
      "related": [
        "temperature-sensor",
        "thermography",
        "testing",
        "bms"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermocouples-rtds/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4778",
      "source": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
      "target": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4779",
      "source": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
      "target": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4780",
      "source": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
      "target": "term:thermography",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4781",
      "source": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
      "target": "term:testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4782",
      "source": "term:thermocouples-rtds",
      "target": "term:bms",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-thermal",
        "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
        "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.",
        "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.",
        "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:temperature-sensor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Temperature sensor",
      "properties": {
        "id": "temperature-sensor",
        "name": "Temperature sensor",
        "abbr": "NTC",
        "aka": [
          "thermistor"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Usually a negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor glued to a busbar or cell surface, with a few per module. Because sensors read the surface, the hottest point inside a cell can run several degrees higher than the BMS sees.",
        "unit": "°C",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "thermal-management",
          "operating-temperature",
          "derating",
          "thermocouples-rtds",
          "virtual-temperature-sensor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/temperature-sensor/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermography",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermography",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermography",
        "name": "Thermography",
        "aka": [
          "infrared thermography",
          "thermal imaging",
          "IR camera"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Imaging surface temperature with an infrared camera, which converts the radiation a surface emits into a temperature map. It reveals hot welds, busbar joints and uneven cell heating at a glance, but bare metal reflects more than it emits, so shiny surfaces are usually coated matt black before measuring.",
        "related": [
          "hot-spot",
          "heat-transfer-modes",
          "temperature-sensor",
          "thermal-gradient",
          "laser-welding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermography/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "testing",
        "name": "Cell testing",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Measuring a cell’s capacity, resistance, efficiency, rate capability, life and safety under defined conditions. Because every result depends on the conditions, a result without its temperature, current and voltage limits is not a result.",
        "related": [
          "capacity-test",
          "cycler",
          "reference-performance-test",
          "abuse-testing",
          "datasheet"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "rate-capability"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:bms",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bms",
        "name": "Battery management system",
        "abbr": "BMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "cell-balancing",
          "state-of-power",
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "contactor",
          "can-bus"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bms/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-health",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}