{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:system-boundary",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "System boundary",
    "properties": {
      "id": "system-boundary",
      "name": "System boundary",
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The line in a life-cycle assessment between the processes counted and those left out. The EU’s battery carbon-footprint rules include raw-material extraction, production, distribution and end of life but exclude the use stage, so the footprint describes how the battery is made and recycled, not how clean the electricity that charges it is.",
      "related": [
        "life-cycle-assessment",
        "functional-unit",
        "cradle-to-grave",
        "carbon-footprint-declaration"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/system-boundary/",
      "mentions": [
        "end-of-life"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6947",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6948",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6949",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "term:functional-unit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6950",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6951",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "term:carbon-footprint-declaration",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/system-boundary/end-of-life",
      "source": "term:system-boundary",
      "target": "term:end-of-life",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Life-cycle assessment",
      "properties": {
        "id": "life-cycle-assessment",
        "name": "Life-cycle assessment",
        "abbr": "LCA",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The method for totalling a product’s environmental impact from raw material to end of life, standardised in ISO 14040. For a battery it is what turns mining, production, use and recycling data into a carbon footprint.",
        "related": [
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/life-cycle-assessment/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life",
          "iso-14040"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:functional-unit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Functional unit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "functional-unit",
        "name": "Functional unit",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The quantified service against which a life-cycle assessment reports its results, so that different products can be compared fairly. For EU battery carbon footprints it is one kilowatt-hour of total energy delivered over the battery’s service life, so a longer-lived battery spreads its production emissions over more energy.",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration",
          "system-boundary",
          "iso-14040"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/functional-unit/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "service-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cradle-to-grave",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cradle-to-grave",
        "name": "Cradle-to-grave",
        "aka": [
          "cradle-to-gate",
          "gate-to-gate",
          "cradle-to-cradle"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "Names for the extent of a life-cycle assessment. Cradle-to-gate runs from raw-material extraction to the factory exit, the usual scope of a cell supplier’s data; gate-to-gate covers one production step; cradle-to-grave adds use and disposal; cradle-to-cradle replaces disposal with recycling into new products, the goal of a closed battery loop.",
        "related": [
          "system-boundary",
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "circular-economy",
          "recycling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cradle-to-grave/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:carbon-footprint-declaration",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Carbon footprint declaration",
      "properties": {
        "id": "carbon-footprint-declaration",
        "name": "Carbon footprint declaration",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The first lifecycle obligation of the EU Battery Regulation for EV, industrial and LMT batteries: a declared carbon footprint per kWh calculated to a harmonised method, followed by performance classes and, later, a maximum threshold above which a battery cannot be sold.",
        "unit": "kg CO₂e/kWh",
        "related": [
          "carbon-footprint",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "battery-passport"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/carbon-footprint-declaration/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:end-of-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "End of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "end-of-life",
        "name": "End of life",
        "abbr": "EOL",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "The point at which a cell no longer meets its application’s requirement, conventionally 80 % of initial capacity or a doubling of resistance. It is a definition for warranties and tests, not a point where the cell stops working.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "beginning-of-life",
          "cycle-life",
          "second-life",
          "knee-point"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/end-of-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}