{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:sulfation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Sulfation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "sulfation",
      "name": "Sulfation",
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "The growth of hard lead sulfate crystals on lead–acid plates when a battery is left discharged, which no longer convert back on charging. It is the usual way a neglected lead–acid battery dies, and has no counterpart in lithium-ion.",
      "related": [
        "lead-acid",
        "vrla",
        "flooded-lead-acid",
        "storage-soc"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sulfation/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3616",
      "source": "term:sulfation",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3617",
      "source": "term:sulfation",
      "target": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3618",
      "source": "term:sulfation",
      "target": "term:vrla",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3619",
      "source": "term:sulfation",
      "target": "term:flooded-lead-acid",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3620",
      "source": "term:sulfation",
      "target": "term:storage-soc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lead–acid battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lead-acid",
        "name": "Lead–acid battery",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The oldest rechargeable chemistry, lead and lead dioxide electrodes in sulfuric acid, at 2 V per cell. Heavy and short-lived in deep cycling but cheap, recyclable and good at cold cranking, it still starts most cars and backs up most telecom sites.",
        "related": [
          "nominal-voltage",
          "recycling",
          "specific-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-market",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lead-acid/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vrla",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Valve-regulated lead–acid",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vrla",
        "name": "Valve-regulated lead–acid",
        "abbr": "VRLA",
        "aka": [
          "sealed lead–acid",
          "SLA",
          "AGM",
          "gel battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A lead–acid battery whose electrolyte is immobilised in glass-fibre mats (AGM) or a gel, with a pressure valve instead of open vents, so it can be used in any orientation without maintenance. It recombines the gases of overcharge internally.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "flooded-lead-acid",
          "sulfation",
          "auxiliary-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vrla/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:flooded-lead-acid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flooded lead–acid",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flooded-lead-acid",
        "name": "Flooded lead–acid",
        "aka": [
          "vented lead–acid",
          "wet cell"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The traditional lead–acid construction with free liquid electrolyte, vents and removable caps for topping up with water. It is cheap and tolerant of overcharge but must stay upright and be maintained.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "vrla",
          "equalization-charge",
          "sulfation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flooded-lead-acid/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:storage-soc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Storage state of charge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "storage-soc",
        "name": "Storage state of charge",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "The state of charge at which a cell is kept when idle. Calendar aging rises with SOC because the negative electrode sits at a lower, more reactive potential, so cells are shipped and stored at 30–50 % rather than full.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "calendar-aging",
          "state-of-charge",
          "shipping-soc"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/storage-soc/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}