{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:stacking",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Stacking",
    "properties": {
      "id": "stacking",
      "name": "Stacking",
      "aka": [
        "Z-folding",
        "lamination"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "Building a cell from individual electrode sheets interleaved with separator, either sheet by sheet or by folding a continuous separator in a zigzag. It uses the volume of a rectangular case better than winding but is slower and more exacting.",
      "related": [
        "winding",
        "pouch-cell",
        "prismatic-cell",
        "notching"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stacking/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "separator"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:2407",
      "source": "term:stacking",
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    {
      "id": "edge:2408",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:winding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2409",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:pouch-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:2410",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:prismatic-cell",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "edge:2411",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:notching",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:electrode",
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        "field": "definition",
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      "id": "edge:mentions/stacking/separator",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "term:separator",
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      "id": "edge:2414",
      "source": "term:stacking",
      "target": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "explainedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:2415",
      "source": "term:stacking",
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      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
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        "scope": "direct technical reference"
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  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:winding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Winding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "winding",
        "name": "Winding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Rolling the two electrode strips and two separator strips together around a mandrel into a jelly roll. It is fast and well understood, and it produces the round roll of a cylindrical cell or the flattened roll of many prismatic cells.",
        "related": [
          "jelly-roll",
          "stacking",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "prismatic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/winding/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pouch-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pouch cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pouch-cell",
        "name": "Pouch cell",
        "aka": [
          "lithium polymer cell",
          "LiPo"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell sealed in a flexible bag of aluminium laminated with plastic, holding stacked electrode sheets in larger cells or a flattened wound roll in many small ones. It is light and easy to cool, but needs outside support and can visibly swell if gas forms inside.",
        "related": [
          "pouch-foil",
          "stacking",
          "swelling",
          "degassing",
          "prismatic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#formats",
        "example": {
          "title": "Include mechanical support",
          "text": "A pouch encloses layered electrodes. Support provided by the module is part of the complete design, separate from the active layers."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pouch-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:prismatic-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Prismatic cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "prismatic-cell",
        "name": "Prismatic cell",
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell in a rigid rectangular metal case, holding either a flattened jelly roll or stacked sheets. Large prismatic cells pack tightly into battery packs.",
        "related": [
          "can",
          "jelly-roll",
          "stacking",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "pouch-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#formats",
        "example": {
          "title": "Geometry is one constraint",
          "text": "Two rectangular cells can fit similar spaces but use different terminals and electrical ratings."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/prismatic-cell/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:notching",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Notching",
      "properties": {
        "id": "notching",
        "name": "Notching",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Cutting the tab shape and the electrode sheet outline from the slit strip, mechanically or by laser, before stacking. Laser notching has no tool wear but must avoid heat damage at the edge.",
        "related": [
          "slitting",
          "stacking",
          "tab",
          "laser-cutting"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/notching/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:separator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator",
        "name": "Separator",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ceramic-coated-separator",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "porosity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#separator",
        "example": {
          "title": "Different conduction paths",
          "text": "A separator prevents direct electronic contact while permitting ionic transport through its electrolyte-filled structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/separator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}