{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:spodumene",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Spodumene",
    "properties": {
      "id": "spodumene",
      "name": "Spodumene",
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The hard-rock lithium ore, a lithium aluminium silicate mined mainly in Australia, concentrated to about 6 % Li₂O and shipped to converters, mostly in China, who turn it into carbonate or hydroxide.",
      "related": [
        "lithium-carbonate",
        "lithium-hydroxide",
        "brine",
        "critical-raw-materials"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/spodumene/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3227",
      "source": "term:spodumene",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3228",
      "source": "term:spodumene",
      "target": "term:lithium-carbonate",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
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    {
      "id": "edge:3229",
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      "target": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:3230",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:3231",
      "source": "term:spodumene",
      "target": "term:critical-raw-materials",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-carbonate",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium carbonate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-carbonate",
        "name": "Lithium carbonate",
        "abbr": "Li₂CO₃",
        "aka": [
          "LCE",
          "lithium carbonate equivalent"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The commodity form in which most lithium is traded and the lithium source for LFP and mid-nickel cathodes. Lithium carbonate equivalent, LCE, is the unit the industry uses to count lithium supply whatever its chemical form.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-hydroxide",
          "brine",
          "spodumene",
          "calcination",
          "lithium"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-carbonate/",
        "mentions": []
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium hydroxide",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-hydroxide",
        "name": "Lithium hydroxide",
        "abbr": "LiOH",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The lithium chemical required for high-nickel cathodes, which must be fired at temperatures too low for lithium carbonate to react. It is made from spodumene directly or by converting carbonate.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-carbonate",
          "high-nickel",
          "calcination",
          "spodumene"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-hydroxide/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:brine",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium brine",
      "properties": {
        "id": "brine",
        "name": "Lithium brine",
        "aka": [
          "salar",
          "DLE"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "Lithium-rich salt water pumped from beneath the salt flats of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia and concentrated in evaporation ponds over a year or more. Direct lithium extraction aims to pull the lithium out chemically in days instead.",
        "related": [
          "spodumene",
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          "critical-raw-materials"
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:critical-raw-materials",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Critical raw materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "critical-raw-materials",
        "name": "Critical raw materials",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "Materials that an economy depends on and whose supply is concentrated or at risk: for batteries, lithium, cobalt, nickel, natural graphite and manganese. The EU and US both list them and attach sourcing and recycling targets.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-carbonate",
          "cobalt",
          "natural-graphite",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "recycling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/critical-raw-materials/",
        "mentions": [
          "graphite",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}