{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:specific-capacity",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Specific capacity",
    "properties": {
      "id": "specific-capacity",
      "name": "Specific capacity",
      "section": "topic-ratings",
      "definition": "Charge stored per gram of active material, in mAh/g. It is the figure materials scientists quote: about 150–200 mAh/g for layered oxides, 160 for LFP, 372 theoretical for graphite and about 3600 for silicon.",
      "unit": "mAh/g",
      "related": [
        "theoretical-capacity",
        "active-material",
        "specific-energy",
        "faradays-law"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/specific-capacity/",
      "mentions": [
        "milliampere-hour",
        "graphite"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:871",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "topic:topic-ratings",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:872",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:theoretical-capacity",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:873",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:active-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:874",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:875",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:faradays-law",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/specific-capacity/milliampere-hour",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:milliampere-hour",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/specific-capacity/graphite",
      "source": "term:specific-capacity",
      "target": "term:graphite",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-ratings",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-ratings",
        "name": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings",
        "lede": "The numbers that size a cell and let two cells be compared.",
        "context": "Separate nameplate ratings from test results.",
        "example": "5 Ah at 3.6 V gives 18 Wh nominally. Integrated measured terminal power may give a different result.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity and C-rate"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:theoretical-capacity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Theoretical capacity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "theoretical-capacity",
        "name": "Theoretical capacity",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The capacity a material would deliver if every available lithium ion took part, computed from Faraday’s law and the molar mass. Practical capacity is lower because not all the lithium can be removed reversibly.",
        "formula": "Q = n·F / (3.6·M)",
        "unit": "mAh/g",
        "related": [
          "specific-capacity",
          "faradays-law",
          "faradays-constant"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compute a one-electron capacity",
          "text": "For an illustrative active material with molar mass 100 g/mol and one transferred electron per formula unit, nF/(3.6M) is about 268 mAh/g. Inactive material and incomplete utilization reduce the cell-level value."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/theoretical-capacity/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "active-material",
        "name": "Active material",
        "abbr": "AM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The part of an electrode that actually stores lithium — graphite on the negative side, an oxide or phosphate on the positive. It makes up most of the electrode coating; the rest is binder and conductive additive.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "anode-active-material",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Choose a mass basis",
          "text": "A 100 g coating containing 95 g active material has different specific-capacity numbers when normalized to active mass versus total coating mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Specific energy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "specific-energy",
        "name": "Specific energy",
        "aka": [
          "gravimetric energy density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Stored energy per unit mass, in watt-hours per kilogram. Commercial lithium-ion cells range from about 160 Wh/kg for LFP to around 270 Wh/kg for high-nickel chemistries; at pack level the figure drops by a quarter or more.",
        "unit": "Wh/kg",
        "related": [
          "energy-density",
          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "specific-capacity",
          "ragone-plot"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/specific-energy/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:faradays-law",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Faraday’s law of electrolysis",
      "properties": {
        "id": "faradays-law",
        "name": "Faraday’s law of electrolysis",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The amount of substance transformed at an electrode is proportional to the charge passed: one mole of electrons per Faraday. It converts a material’s formula into its theoretical capacity in mAh/g.",
        "formula": "m = Q·M / (n·F)",
        "related": [
          "faradays-constant",
          "theoretical-capacity",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert charge to ideal deposited mass",
          "text": "For a hypothetical one-electron species with molar mass 50 g/mol, transferring 1 Ah = 3600 C corresponds to about 1.87 g at 100% Faradaic efficiency. Side reactions reduce the intended deposited amount."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/faradays-law/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:milliampere-hour",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Milliampere-hour",
      "properties": {
        "id": "milliampere-hour",
        "name": "Milliampere-hour",
        "abbr": "mAh",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "One thousandth of an ampere-hour, the capacity unit used for small cells. A phone cell of 4500 mAh holds 4.5 Ah; multiplied by its nominal voltage that is about 17 Wh.",
        "unit": "mAh",
        "related": [
          "ampere-hour",
          "watt-hour"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/milliampere-hour/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}