{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:solid-state-battery",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Solid-state battery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "solid-state-battery",
      "name": "Solid-state battery",
      "abbr": "ASSB",
      "aka": [
        "all-solid-state battery"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "A cell whose electrolyte is a solid rather than a liquid. It removes the flammable solvent and may allow a lithium-metal anode, but needs intimate solid–solid contact and, for most chemistries, stack pressure to keep it.",
      "related": [
        "solid-electrolyte",
        "lithium-metal-anode",
        "stack-pressure",
        "semi-solid-battery",
        "sintering"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#why",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solid-state-battery/",
      "mentions": [
        "anode",
        "electrolyte"
      ]
    }
  },
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    {
      "id": "edge:758",
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      "target": "term:lithium-metal-anode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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    },
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      "id": "edge:759",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:760",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
      "target": "term:semi-solid-battery",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:761",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
      "target": "term:sintering",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/solid-state-battery/anode",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
      "target": "term:anode",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "edge:764",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
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      "id": "edge:765",
      "source": "term:solid-state-battery",
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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      "label": "Solid electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "solid-electrolyte",
        "name": "Solid electrolyte",
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        "definition": "A solid ion conductor that replaces the liquid electrolyte in an all-solid-state cell. Oxide, sulfide, halide and polymer families each need a different production route.",
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          "solid-state-battery",
          "electrolyte",
          "sintering",
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          "superionic-conductor"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solid-electrolyte/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-metal-anode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium metal anode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-metal-anode",
        "name": "Lithium metal anode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A negative electrode made of lithium metal itself. It stores about ten times more charge per gram than graphite, which is the main attraction of solid-state cells, but it is reactive and prone to uneven deposits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-metal-battery",
          "dendrite",
          "solid-state-battery",
          "anode-free"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#why",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-metal-anode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "graphite"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stack-pressure",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stack pressure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stack-pressure",
        "name": "Stack pressure",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Pressure applied to a cell stack, in production or in use, to keep its layers in contact. Solid-state cells depend on it, because ions can only cross where two solids touch.",
        "unit": "MPa",
        "related": [
          "solid-state-battery",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "compression-pad",
          "swelling"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#contact",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stack-pressure/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-stack"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:semi-solid-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Semi-solid battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "semi-solid-battery",
        "name": "Semi-solid battery",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell that uses a gel or a solid electrolyte together with a small amount of liquid to keep the interfaces conducting. It is a stepping stone between liquid and all-solid-state cells, and already ships in some vehicles.",
        "related": [
          "solid-state-battery",
          "gel-polymer-electrolyte",
          "solid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/semi-solid-battery/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sintering",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Sintering",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sintering",
        "name": "Sintering",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Heating a powder below its melting point until the particles grow together into a dense solid. Oxide solid electrolytes are sintered at high temperature to give good ionic contact.",
        "related": [
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "llzo",
          "stack-pressure",
          "calcination"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#routes",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sintering/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:anode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Anode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "anode",
        "name": "Anode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode where oxidation happens. On discharge that is the negative electrode; on charge it is the positive one. Battery makers nonetheless call the negative electrode “the anode” at all times, after its role on discharge.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "cathode",
          "oxidation",
          "graphite"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Check operating direction",
          "text": "During discharge, oxidation makes the negative electrode the anode. During charge, oxidation occurs at the positive electrode. Commercial names often retain the discharge convention."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/anode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3B · Solid-state production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:choi-post-li",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities",
        "publisher": "Nature Reviews Materials",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.13",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Post-lithium-ion materials and battery concepts, including practical cell-level limitations; historical 2016 perspective.",
        "year": 2016,
        "authors": [
          "Jang Wook Choi",
          "Doron Aurbach"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}