{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:single-crystal",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Single-crystal cathode",
    "properties": {
      "id": "single-crystal",
      "name": "Single-crystal cathode",
      "section": "topic-chemistries",
      "definition": "Positive-electrode powder made of individual micron-sized crystals rather than agglomerates of many small grains. With no internal grain boundaries to crack open, it resists particle cracking and gassing and lasts longer at high voltage.",
      "related": [
        "particle-cracking",
        "high-nickel",
        "cathode-active-material"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/single-crystal/",
      "mentions": [
        "gas-generation",
        "coating-defects"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:723",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:724",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "term:particle-cracking",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:725",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "term:high-nickel",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:726",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/single-crystal/gas-generation",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "term:gas-generation",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/single-crystal/coating-defects",
      "source": "term:single-crystal",
      "target": "term:coating-defects",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-chemistries",
        "name": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
        "lede": "The electrode materials that define a lithium-ion cell, the crystal structures behind them, and the shapes cells are built in.",
        "context": "Separate chemistry from form factor.",
        "example": "Two cylindrical cells can share dimensions yet differ in cathode, capacity and current limits.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:particle-cracking",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Particle cracking",
      "properties": {
        "id": "particle-cracking",
        "name": "Particle cracking",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Fracture of active-material particles from the volume change of repeated lithium insertion and removal. New surfaces consume electrolyte to form fresh SEI, and fragments that lose contact no longer store lithium.",
        "related": [
          "cycle-aging",
          "loss-of-active-material",
          "silicon-anode",
          "single-crystal",
          "depth-of-discharge"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#cracking",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/particle-cracking/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "sei"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:high-nickel",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "High-nickel cathode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "high-nickel",
        "name": "High-nickel cathode",
        "aka": [
          "Ni-rich"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A layered oxide with 80 % or more nickel, such as NMC811 or NCA. Nickel raises capacity and lowers cobalt content, but the material is less thermally stable, more sensitive to moisture and ages faster at high voltage.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "nca",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "cei",
          "mid-nickel"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/high-nickel/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "layered-oxide"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cathode active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cathode-active-material",
        "name": "Cathode active material",
        "abbr": "CAM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The lithium-containing compound in the positive electrode — NMC, NCA, LFP or LCO powder — that supplies the cell’s cyclable lithium. It is the most expensive material in most cells and sets the nominal voltage and much of the energy density.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lfp",
          "precursor",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cathode-active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "energy-density"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:gas-generation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Gas generation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "gas-generation",
        "name": "Gas generation",
        "aka": [
          "gassing"
        ],
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Formation of gases — ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide — by electrolyte decomposition, mostly during formation and later under high voltage or temperature. In a pouch cell it shows as swelling; in a can it raises pressure until the vent opens.",
        "related": [
          "swelling",
          "degassing",
          "electrolyte-decomposition",
          "vent",
          "formation"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#gas",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/gas-generation/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "pouch-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating-defects",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating defects",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating-defects",
        "name": "Coating defects",
        "aka": [
          "agglomerates",
          "agglomerate",
          "pinholes",
          "pinhole"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Flaws in a wet or dried electrode coating. Agglomerates are clumps of poorly dispersed carbon or active material that leave lumps and starved patches; pinholes are tiny uncoated spots from air bubbles, dust or a contaminated foil. Both create local loading variations that can cause lithium plating or high resistance, so lines inspect the web optically.",
        "related": [
          "coating",
          "mixing",
          "areal-loading",
          "lithium-plating",
          "slurry-rheology",
          "electrode-wrinkling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating-defects/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}