{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:short-circuit",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Short circuit",
    "properties": {
      "id": "short-circuit",
      "name": "Short circuit",
      "section": "topic-units",
      "definition": "A connection of negligible resistance between two points that should be separated, so current is limited only by the source. For a battery it may be external, across the terminals, or internal, between the electrodes inside the cell.",
      "related": [
        "external-short-circuit",
        "internal-short-circuit",
        "fuse",
        "ohms-law"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/short-circuit/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3553",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "topic:topic-units",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3554",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "term:external-short-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3555",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3556",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "term:fuse",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3557",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "term:ohms-law",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3558",
      "source": "term:short-circuit",
      "target": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
      "type": "explainedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-units",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Units and electrical basics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-units",
        "name": "Units and electrical basics",
        "lede": "The quantities every datasheet is written in, and how they relate.",
        "context": "Use consistent units and cell/pack basis.",
        "example": "10 A for 30 min transfers 5 Ah. At constant 3.6 V this is 18 Wh; varying voltage requires integration.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity and C-rate"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:external-short-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "External short circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "external-short-circuit",
        "name": "External short circuit",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "A low-resistance connection between the terminals outside the cell, driving currents of hundreds of amperes. Fuses, the current interrupt device and a positive-temperature-coefficient element are the layers of protection against it.",
        "related": [
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "fuse",
          "current-interrupt-device",
          "ptc",
          "short-circuit-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/external-short-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Internal short circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "internal-short-circuit",
        "name": "Internal short circuit",
        "abbr": "ISC",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "An unintended electronic path between the electrodes inside a cell — through a metal particle, a burr, a damaged separator or lithium deposits. It discharges the cell internally and turns its energy into local heat.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-runaway",
          "dendrite",
          "separator",
          "external-short-circuit",
          "self-discharge",
          "internal-short-trigger-device"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-short-circuit/",
        "mentions": [
          "electronic-path",
          "burr",
          "metal-particle-contamination"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fuse",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fuse",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fuse",
        "name": "Fuse",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A link that melts and opens the circuit when current exceeds its rating. Packs use a main fuse in the high-voltage path and often a small fuse on each parallel cell connection, so one shorted cell does not drain its neighbours into the fault.",
        "related": [
          "external-short-circuit",
          "pyrofuse",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "series-parallel",
          "cell-level-fuse"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fuse/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ohms-law",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ohm’s law",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ohms-law",
        "name": "Ohm’s law",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "Voltage across a resistance equals current times that resistance. Applied to a cell it predicts the voltage drop under load from the internal resistance, which is the first-order reason terminal voltage sags.",
        "formula": "V = I × R",
        "related": [
          "internal-resistance",
          "ir-drop",
          "ohm",
          "kirchhoffs-laws"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert a resistance into a voltage drop",
          "text": "A 10 A current through a 20 mΩ resistance produces 0.2 V of voltage drop. Use 0.020 Ω in V = IR; inserting the number 20 without converting milliohms would be wrong."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ohms-law/",
        "mentions": [
          "voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 1 · Cell anatomy",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/"
      }
    }
  ]
}