{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:second-life",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Second life",
    "properties": {
      "id": "second-life",
      "name": "Second life",
      "aka": [
        "repurposing"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Using vehicle packs that have reached their automotive end of life, with 70–80 % capacity left, in less demanding stationary storage before recycling. Grading the used cells and the liability for them are the practical obstacles.",
      "related": [
        "end-of-life",
        "stationary-storage",
        "state-of-health",
        "recycling",
        "battery-passport",
        "battery-triage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/second-life/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
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      "source": "term:second-life",
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      "id": "edge:3301",
      "source": "term:second-life",
      "target": "term:end-of-life",
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      "id": "edge:3302",
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      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:end-of-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "End of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "end-of-life",
        "name": "End of life",
        "abbr": "EOL",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "The point at which a cell no longer meets its application’s requirement, conventionally 80 % of initial capacity or a doubling of resistance. It is a definition for warranties and tests, not a point where the cell stops working.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "beginning-of-life",
          "cycle-life",
          "second-life",
          "knee-point"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/end-of-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:state-of-health",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "State of health",
      "properties": {
        "id": "state-of-health",
        "name": "State of health",
        "abbr": "SOH",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "A summary of how far a cell has aged, often expressed through remaining capacity or increased resistance compared with when it was new. By convention a cell has reached end of life at 80 % of its rated capacity.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "capacity-fade",
          "impedance-rise",
          "end-of-life",
          "remaining-useful-life",
          "state-of-charge",
          "state-of-certified-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-health/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-passport",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery passport",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-passport",
        "name": "Battery passport",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "A digital record for each electric-vehicle and industrial battery, required in the EU from 2027, holding its composition, carbon footprint, due-diligence data, state of health and repair history, accessible by QR code.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "traceability",
          "carbon-footprint",
          "state-of-health",
          "recycled-content",
          "battery-pack-aadhaar-number"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-passport/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-triage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery triage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-triage",
        "name": "Battery triage",
        "aka": [
          "grading for reuse",
          "state-of-health screening"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Deciding what a returned battery is good for — repair, reuse, repurposing or recycling — from its history, a visual and electrical inspection and a quick state-of-health measurement. Fast, reliable triage is what makes second life economic.",
        "related": [
          "second-life",
          "state-of-health",
          "remanufacturing",
          "battery-passport"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-triage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:harper-recycling",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
        "publisher": "Nature",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Reuse, disassembly and mechanical, hydro-, pyro- and direct recycling routes.",
        "year": 2019,
        "authors": [
          "Gavin Harper et al."
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}