{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Scanning electron microscopy",
    "properties": {
      "id": "scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "name": "Scanning electron microscopy",
      "abbr": "SEM",
      "section": "topic-analysis",
      "definition": "Imaging a surface with a focused electron beam at magnifications far beyond light microscopy. In battery work it shows particle cracking, plated lithium and coating morphology; cross-sections show the layer structure of an electrode.",
      "related": [
        "post-mortem",
        "particle-cracking",
        "x-ray-diffraction"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/scanning-electron-microscopy/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "coating"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "source": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "target": "topic:topic-analysis",
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    {
      "id": "edge:2732",
      "source": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "target": "term:post-mortem",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2733",
      "source": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "target": "term:particle-cracking",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2734",
      "source": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "target": "term:x-ray-diffraction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/scanning-electron-microscopy/electrode",
      "source": "term:scanning-electron-microscopy",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
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        "field": "definition",
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      "id": "topic:topic-analysis",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-analysis",
        "name": "Materials analysis and post-mortem",
        "lede": "The laboratory techniques that look inside electrodes, interphases and electrolytes to see what a cell is made of and how it aged.",
        "context": "Connect results with scale and specimen preparation.",
        "example": "Surface and bulk measurements may find different compositions in the same electrode without contradiction.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/labs/battery-materials-lab/",
        "lesson_label": "Open materials lab"
      }
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      "id": "term:post-mortem",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Post-mortem analysis",
      "properties": {
        "id": "post-mortem",
        "name": "Post-mortem analysis",
        "aka": [
          "teardown"
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        "section": "topic-analysis",
        "definition": "Opening an aged or failed cell in an inert glovebox and examining its electrodes by microscopy, diffraction and chemical analysis. It confirms which degradation mechanisms actually occurred rather than inferring them from voltage.",
        "related": [
          "aging-mechanism",
          "scanning-electron-microscopy",
          "x-ray-diffraction",
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        "mentions": []
      }
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    {
      "id": "term:particle-cracking",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Particle cracking",
      "properties": {
        "id": "particle-cracking",
        "name": "Particle cracking",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Fracture of active-material particles from the volume change of repeated lithium insertion and removal. New surfaces consume electrolyte to form fresh SEI, and fragments that lose contact no longer store lithium.",
        "related": [
          "cycle-aging",
          "loss-of-active-material",
          "silicon-anode",
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          "depth-of-discharge"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/particle-cracking/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "sei"
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      "id": "term:x-ray-diffraction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "X-ray diffraction",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "X-ray diffraction",
        "abbr": "XRD",
        "section": "topic-analysis",
        "definition": "Identifying crystal structures from the angles at which they scatter X-rays. It tracks lithium content and phase changes in electrode materials, and operando XRD follows them while the cell cycles.",
        "related": [
          "phase-transition",
          "structural-degradation",
          "post-mortem"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/x-ray-diffraction/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "operando-measurement"
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    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating",
        "name": "Coating",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Applying slurry to the moving foil at a controlled wet thickness, usually with a slot die, often on both sides. Coating weight per area must be held within about one percent across the web, because every downstream property depends on it.",
        "related": [
          "slot-die",
          "areal-loading",
          "drying",
          "electrode-manufacturing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Wet and dry thickness differ",
          "text": "Wet coating includes solvent. Dry thickness also depends on retained solids and resulting structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating/",
        "mentions": [
          "slurry"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}