{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:reverse-logistics",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Reverse logistics",
    "properties": {
      "id": "reverse-logistics",
      "name": "Reverse logistics",
      "aka": [
        "battery collection",
        "take-back"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Collecting end-of-life and faulty batteries and bringing them to a sorting or recycling site: take-back points, transport as dangerous goods, storage and documentation. For large packs it is often the single biggest cost of recycling.",
      "related": [
        "collection-target",
        "damaged-battery-transport",
        "battery-triage",
        "extended-producer-responsibility"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reverse-logistics/",
      "mentions": []
    }
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      "id": "edge:4242",
      "source": "term:reverse-logistics",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:4243",
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      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
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      "id": "term:collection-target",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Collection and recycling targets",
      "properties": {
        "id": "collection-target",
        "name": "Collection and recycling targets",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The EU Battery Regulation’s quotas: portable batteries collected at 63 % by 2027 and 73 % by 2030, light-means-of-transport batteries at 51 % by 2028, with recycling efficiencies of 65 % for lithium-based batteries by 2025 and 70 % by 2030, and material recovery of 50 % of lithium by 2027 rising to 80 % by 2031.",
        "unit": "%",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:damaged-battery-transport",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Damaged and defective battery transport",
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        "id": "damaged-battery-transport",
        "name": "Damaged and defective battery transport",
        "aka": [
          "ADR SP 376",
          "SP 377",
          "critical defective battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The dangerous-goods rules for moving lithium batteries that are damaged, defective or sent for disposal, set in ADR special provisions 376 and 377: specific packagings, and for batteries liable to react dangerously, packaging approved for that risk. A swollen or crashed pack is never shipped as an ordinary battery.",
        "related": [
          "reverse-logistics",
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          "swelling",
          "thermal-runaway"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/damaged-battery-transport/",
        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:battery-triage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery triage",
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        "aka": [
          "grading for reuse",
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        "definition": "Deciding what a returned battery is good for — repair, reuse, repurposing or recycling — from its history, a visual and electrical inspection and a quick state-of-health measurement. Fast, reliable triage is what makes second life economic.",
        "related": [
          "second-life",
          "state-of-health",
          "remanufacturing",
          "battery-passport"
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Extended producer responsibility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "extended-producer-responsibility",
        "name": "Extended producer responsibility",
        "abbr": "EPR",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The principle, in the EU Battery Regulation and its predecessor, that whoever first places a battery on the market pays for its collection and recycling at end of life. Producers register nationally, report volumes and fund the collection schemes.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "eu-battery-directive",
          "recycling",
          "collection-target"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/extended-producer-responsibility/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life"
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    }
  ]
}