{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:resistance-welding",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Resistance welding",
    "properties": {
      "id": "resistance-welding",
      "name": "Resistance welding",
      "aka": [
        "resistance spot welding",
        "spot welding"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "Joining metals by clamping them between electrodes and passing a short, high current pulse, so contact resistance melts a small nugget. It joins the negative tab to the can base inside cylindrical cells and nickel strips to cell terminals in tool and e-bike packs; for copper and aluminium busbars laser welding has largely taken over, as they conduct too well to heat.",
      "related": [
        "laser-welding",
        "ultrasonic-welding",
        "tab-welding",
        "cell-canning",
        "busbar"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/resistance-welding/",
      "mentions": [
        "micromobility",
        "contact-resistance"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4890",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4891",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4892",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:ultrasonic-welding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4893",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:tab-welding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4894",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:cell-canning",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4895",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:busbar",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/resistance-welding/micromobility",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/resistance-welding/contact-resistance",
      "source": "term:resistance-welding",
      "target": "term:contact-resistance",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Laser welding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "laser-welding",
        "name": "Laser welding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Joining metal with a focused laser beam, used to seal cans, attach caps and connect busbars to cell terminals. It is fast and precise but sensitive to gaps and reflectivity, so copper joints need special wavelengths or beam shaping.",
        "related": [
          "ultrasonic-welding",
          "tab-welding",
          "busbar",
          "can"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/laser-welding/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ultrasonic-welding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ultrasonic welding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ultrasonic-welding",
        "name": "Ultrasonic welding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Joining metals by pressing them together and vibrating one part at ultrasonic frequency, so friction scrubs the surfaces clean and bonds them below the melting point. It is the standard way to weld stacks of thin aluminium and copper foil.",
        "related": [
          "tab-welding",
          "laser-welding",
          "tab"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ultrasonic-welding/",
        "mentions": [
          "copper-foil"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:tab-welding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Tab welding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "tab-welding",
        "name": "Tab welding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Joining the bundle of foil tabs to the terminal tab, usually by ultrasonic welding, which bonds thin foils without melting them; laser welding is used for can-to-cap and busbar joints. A weak weld raises resistance and can fail in service.",
        "related": [
          "tab",
          "ultrasonic-welding",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "tab-pull-test"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#assembly",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/tab-welding/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-canning",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell canning",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-canning",
        "name": "Cell canning",
        "aka": [
          "canning",
          "can insertion",
          "beading and crimping"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The assembly steps that put a jelly roll or stack into its metal can and close it: insertion, welding the negative tab to the can base, beading a groove that will hold the cap, and sealing the cap by crimping or laser welding, before or after electrolyte filling depending on format. Seal quality decides whether the cell stays leak-tight for life.",
        "related": [
          "can",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "cell-assembly",
          "resistance-welding",
          "laser-welding",
          "electrolyte-filling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-canning/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "jelly-roll"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:busbar",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Busbar",
      "properties": {
        "id": "busbar",
        "name": "Busbar",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "terminal",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "wire-bonding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/busbar/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Micromobility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "micromobility",
        "name": "Micromobility",
        "aka": [
          "light electric vehicle",
          "LEV",
          "e-bike"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "E-bikes, e-scooters and small motorcycles with packs of 0.3–3 kWh built from cylindrical cells. Their packs are cheap and often charged indoors, which is why they feature disproportionately in fire statistics.",
        "related": [
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "protection-circuit",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "un-r136",
          "en-50604",
          "battery-swapping"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/micromobility/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:contact-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrical contact resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "contact-resistance",
        "name": "Electrical contact resistance",
        "aka": [
          "contact resistance",
          "joint resistance",
          "constriction resistance"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The extra resistance where two conductors touch, because current passes only through microscopic contact spots and any oxide film on them. It falls with contact force and good plating and rises with corrosion and fretting. At 300 A a joint of 50 µΩ dissipates 4.5 W, enough to overheat a poorly cooled connection.",
        "formula": "P = I²·R_contact",
        "unit": "Ω",
        "related": [
          "bolted-busbar-joint",
          "busbar",
          "internal-resistance",
          "ohms-law",
          "kelvin-sensing"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Find heating at a joint",
          "text": "An illustrative 0.5 mΩ joint carrying 100 A dissipates 5 W. Even a small contact resistance matters at high current; its actual temperature rise depends on the local thermal path."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/contact-resistance/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}