{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:refrigerant-loop",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Refrigerant loop",
    "properties": {
      "id": "refrigerant-loop",
      "name": "Refrigerant loop",
      "aka": [
        "vapour-compression cycle",
        "air-conditioning circuit",
        "evaporator",
        "condenser",
        "compressor",
        "R1234yf",
        "R744"
      ],
      "section": "topic-thermal",
      "definition": "A closed vapour-compression circuit: a compressor raises refrigerant pressure and temperature, a condenser rejects that heat to air, an expansion valve drops the pressure, and an evaporator absorbs heat as the refrigerant boils. Batteries draw on it through a chiller or through refrigerant plates that act as evaporators; R1234yf and CO₂ (R744) are the usual refrigerants.",
      "related": [
        "chiller",
        "heat-pump",
        "heat-exchanger",
        "radiator",
        "thermal-management"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/refrigerant-loop/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4739",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4740",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "term:chiller",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4741",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "term:heat-pump",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4742",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "term:heat-exchanger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4743",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "term:radiator",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4744",
      "source": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "target": "term:thermal-management",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-thermal",
        "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
        "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.",
        "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.",
        "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:chiller",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Chiller",
      "properties": {
        "id": "chiller",
        "name": "Chiller",
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A heat exchanger in which evaporating refrigerant from the air-conditioning circuit cools the battery coolant below ambient temperature. A radiator can only bring coolant close to outside air temperature; the chiller is what lets a pack fast-charge on a 35 °C day. Stationary storage containers use packaged chiller units for the same job.",
        "related": [
          "refrigerant-loop",
          "coolant",
          "radiator",
          "heat-exchanger",
          "fast-charging",
          "thermal-management"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/chiller/",
        "mentions": [
          "stationary-storage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:heat-pump",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Heat pump",
      "properties": {
        "id": "heat-pump",
        "name": "Heat pump",
        "aka": [
          "coefficient of performance"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A refrigerant circuit run to move heat from a colder place to a warmer one, delivering two to three units of heat per unit of electricity in mild winter conditions. In an electric vehicle it warms the cabin and battery from outside air and the waste heat of the motor and inverter, saving winter range compared with resistive heaters.",
        "related": [
          "refrigerant-loop",
          "battery-heating",
          "preconditioning",
          "range",
          "chiller",
          "thermoelectric-cooling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/heat-pump/",
        "mentions": [
          "inverter",
          "electric-vehicle"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:heat-exchanger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Heat exchanger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "heat-exchanger",
        "name": "Heat exchanger",
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A device that moves heat between two fluids without mixing them, through thin metal walls with as much area as possible. In battery systems the main examples are the chiller, between refrigerant and coolant, and the radiator, between coolant and air; a cooling plate does the same job between cells and coolant.",
        "related": [
          "chiller",
          "radiator",
          "coolant",
          "cooling-plate",
          "refrigerant-loop"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/heat-exchanger/",
        "mentions": [
          "mixing"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:radiator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Radiator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "radiator",
        "name": "Radiator",
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A finned coolant-to-air heat exchanger, usually behind the vehicle’s front grille, through which a fan draws air. It can only cool the coolant to a few degrees above the outside air, so it handles the battery in mild weather and the chiller takes over when it is hot or the charging load is high.",
        "related": [
          "heat-exchanger",
          "chiller",
          "coolant",
          "heat-sink",
          "thermal-management"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/radiator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-management",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-management",
        "name": "Thermal management",
        "abbr": "TMS",
        "aka": [
          "battery thermal management system",
          "BTMS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Keeping cells in their comfortable range, roughly 15–35 °C, and within a few degrees of each other: liquid cooling plates, refrigerant plates or immersion for heat removal, and heaters or waste heat for warming before fast charging in the cold.",
        "related": [
          "cooling-plate",
          "thermal-interface-material",
          "operating-temperature",
          "heat-generation",
          "preconditioning",
          "temperature-sensor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-management/",
        "mentions": [
          "fast-charging"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}