{
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    "id": "term:reduction",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Reduction",
    "properties": {
      "id": "reduction",
      "name": "Reduction",
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "Gain of electrons by a species. On discharge the positive electrode is reduced as it takes up lithium ions and electrons, which is why it is called the cathode.",
      "related": [
        "oxidation",
        "cathode",
        "redox-reaction"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reduction/",
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        "positive-electrode"
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      "source": "term:reduction",
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      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:1822",
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      "target": "term:cathode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Loss of electrons by a species. On discharge the negative electrode is oxidised as lithium leaves it as Li⁺, which is why that electrode is called the anode.",
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      "id": "term:cathode",
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        "id": "cathode",
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        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode where reduction happens: the positive electrode on discharge, the negative one on charge. In industry usage, “cathode” means the positive electrode and its material, whatever the cell is doing.",
        "related": [
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          "anode",
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        "definition": "A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.",
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        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
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          "positive-electrode",
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          "current-collector"
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        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
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        "mentions": [
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          "coating"
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      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
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        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
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          "aluminium-foil"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
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}
