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        "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.",
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      "id": "term:collection-target",
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      "label": "Collection and recycling targets",
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        "name": "Collection and recycling targets",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The EU Battery Regulation’s quotas: portable batteries collected at 63 % by 2027 and 73 % by 2030, light-means-of-transport batteries at 51 % by 2028, with recycling efficiencies of 65 % for lithium-based batteries by 2025 and 70 % by 2030, and material recovery of 50 % of lithium by 2027 rising to 80 % by 2031.",
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      "id": "term:production-scrap",
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      "label": "Production scrap",
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        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Rejected electrodes, cut-offs and failed cells from gigafactories, today the largest feedstock of battery recyclers. It is clean and of known chemistry, so it can often be processed by simpler routes than end-of-life packs.",
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      "id": "reference:harper-recycling",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
        "publisher": "Nature",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Reuse, disassembly and mechanical, hydro-, pyro- and direct recycling routes.",
        "year": 2019,
        "authors": [
          "Gavin Harper et al."
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}