{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:pyrolysis",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Pyrolysis",
    "properties": {
      "id": "pyrolysis",
      "name": "Pyrolysis",
      "aka": [
        "thermal pre-treatment",
        "binder burn-off"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Heating cells or black mass to a few hundred degrees without oxygen to evaporate the electrolyte and decompose the binder and plastics, so active material detaches from the foils. It makes later separation easier, at the cost of energy and off-gas treatment.",
      "related": [
        "deactivation",
        "pvdf",
        "black-mass",
        "pyrometallurgy"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pyrolysis/",
      "mentions": [
        "active-material",
        "binder",
        "electrolyte",
        "off-gas"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4320",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4321",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:deactivation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4322",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4323",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:black-mass",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4324",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:pyrometallurgy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/pyrolysis/active-material",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:active-material",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/pyrolysis/binder",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:binder",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/pyrolysis/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/pyrolysis/off-gas",
      "source": "term:pyrolysis",
      "target": "term:off-gas",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:deactivation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Deactivation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "deactivation",
        "name": "Deactivation",
        "aka": [
          "discharging for recycling",
          "salt-water discharge",
          "electrical discharge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Removing the stored energy before a battery is opened or shredded: electrically through a load, often recovering the energy; by immersion in a salt solution, which is simple but corrodes terminals and makes wastewater; or by cryogenic or thermal treatment. A shredder fed a charged battery is a fire risk.",
        "related": [
          "dismantling",
          "shredding",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "pyrolysis"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/deactivation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "PVDF",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pvdf",
        "name": "PVDF",
        "aka": [
          "polyvinylidene fluoride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fluoropolymer binder used in most positive electrodes. It dissolves only in solvents such as NMP, which is why positive-electrode slurries are solvent-based and need solvent recovery in the plant.",
        "related": [
          "binder",
          "nmp",
          "coating",
          "dry-electrode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pvdf/",
        "mentions": [
          "solvent-recovery"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:black-mass",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Black mass",
      "properties": {
        "id": "black-mass",
        "name": "Black mass",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The dark powder of mixed electrode materials left after end-of-life cells are discharged, shredded and separated from their casings, foils and separators. It is the traded intermediate that hydrometallurgical refiners buy.",
        "related": [
          "recycling",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "mechanical-pretreatment",
          "froth-flotation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/black-mass/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pyrometallurgy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pyrometallurgy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pyrometallurgy",
        "name": "Pyrometallurgy",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recycling by smelting whole cells or modules in a furnace, which recovers nickel, cobalt and copper as an alloy but loses lithium, aluminium and graphite to the slag. It is robust to mixed feed and is often the first step before a hydrometallurgical finish.",
        "related": [
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "black-mass",
          "recycling",
          "smelting"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pyrometallurgy/",
        "mentions": [
          "graphite",
          "cobalt"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "active-material",
        "name": "Active material",
        "abbr": "AM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The part of an electrode that actually stores lithium — graphite on the negative side, an oxide or phosphate on the positive. It makes up most of the electrode coating; the rest is binder and conductive additive.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "anode-active-material",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Choose a mass basis",
          "text": "A 100 g coating containing 95 g active material has different specific-capacity numbers when normalized to active mass versus total coating mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:binder",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Binder",
      "properties": {
        "id": "binder",
        "name": "Binder",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A polymer that holds electrode particles to each other and to the foil — typically PVDF for positive electrodes and CMC with SBR for graphite. It stores no charge, so cell designers use as little as the electrode needs.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "conductive-additive",
          "slurry",
          "pvdf",
          "nmp",
          "paa"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Balance coating functions",
          "text": "Increasing binder fraction at fixed coating mass leaves less mass for active material and conductive additive. Adhesion and capacity are separate design considerations."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/binder/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "cmc",
          "sbr"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:off-gas",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Off-gas",
      "properties": {
        "id": "off-gas",
        "name": "Off-gas",
        "aka": [
          "vent gas"
        ],
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The mixture released when a cell vents: electrolyte vapour, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, with hydrogen fluoride. It is flammable and toxic, and gas sensors detect it before smoke or heat in a storage container.",
        "related": [
          "venting",
          "hydrofluoric-acid",
          "gas-detection",
          "thermal-runaway"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/off-gas/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}